A survey of exo-electron emission phenomena

Grunberg, L.

doi:10.1088/0508-3443/9/3/301

Cited by 72 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The term 'exoelectron emission' originates from investigation of the emission in freshly formed metals which were accounted for as a consequence of exothermal transformation process of the surface. As reported in the literature [31][32][33][34][35][36], exoelectron emission occurs when a material's surface is disturbed by plastic deformation, abrasion, fatigue cracking or phase transformation. The electron emission from a freshly formed surface bursts almost immediately during sliding and then decays suddenly as sliding stops [37].…”

Section: Triboelectrical Decomposition and Mechanical Scissionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Studies on degradation mechanisms of lubricants for magnetic thin-film rigid disks

Zhao

Bhushan

2001

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The decomposition mechanisms of the perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants have been studied through calculation of chemical reaction kinetics and several experimental approaches. Four degradation mechanisms were considered: thermal and catalytic decomposition, triboelectrical decomposition and mechanical scission. The results show that the effect of catalytic reaction on the degradation of the PFPE lubricants is negligible in sliding conditions because of the short contact time, small contact area and low interface temperature. Illumination with ultraviolet light is found to accelerate the decomposition of the lubricant, reducing the head-disk interface durability and causing more gaseous fragments because lowenergy electrons created by the illumination interact with the lubricant molecules, activating and breaking up the molecules. A decomposition mechanism of the lubricant from the effect of low-energy electrons is proposed. Mechanical shear is also found to have an important effect on the decomposition of the lubricant. The partial pressures of the gaseous fragments of the lubricant increase rapidly with increase in the sliding velocity. The temperature from ambient up to 70 8C has no obvious effect on the decomposition of the PFPE lubricant, although higher temperatures are expected to be detrimental. Dominant degradation mechanisms in the sliding conditions are triboelectrical reaction and mechanical scission.

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Section: Triboelectrical Decomposition and Mechanical Scissionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Studies on degradation mechanisms of lubricants for magnetic thin-film rigid disks

Zhao

Bhushan

2001

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…The first comprehensive discussion of this subject took place in an exoelectron conference held in 1956 in Austria. A number of reviews (Grunberg, 1958;Mueller, 1961;Bohun, 1963;Bohun, 1965;Ramsey, 1965;Brotzen, 1967) have been published since then. Because exoelectron emission can be excited in a variety of ways, there is much confusion in the literature on the mechanism of emission.…”

Section: Exoelectron Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Early Detection of Fatigue Damage

Martin¹,

Tsang²

1970

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“…For this reason, triboemission has been the focus of significant research efforts for over half a century [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Resolved Triboemission Measurements

Rouzic

Reddyhoff

2014

Tribol Lett

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Electron emission that occurs when surfaces undergo wear has been studied since the 1950s, and is the subject of continued speculation due to its possibly crucial role in the formation of boundary lubricating films and the degradation of hard drive lubricants. Despite this, the mechanisms by which this type of emission occurs are poorly understood. In order to shed light on this phenomenon, we report for the first time how friction stimulated electron emission can be visualised, by scratching an aluminium oxide surface, positioned 10 mm from a microchannel plate in a high vacuum. The microchannel plate is coupled to a phosphor-screen displaying the spatial distribution of electrons that are emitted in individual bursts as wear is accruing. The probability density of this emission has been calculated and a Shannon spectral entropy of 0.11 for a 10 ms time window, suggesting partially deterministic mechanisms are responsible. These emission maps help to elucidate the obscure mechanisms that cause emission, in a way that has not been possible with previous spatially averaged measurements. For example, linear distributions support the theory that electron emission arises due to the formation of surface cracks. In addition to this, as the contact moves over the specimen surface, certain locations show an increased propensity to emit, which further suggests the presence of localised defects. Furthermore, in certain cases sustained after-emission is observed from localised defects exiting the contact. These results highlight the possibility of using the technique to monitor very low levels of wear and even image crack formation in real time.

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A survey of exo-electron emission phenomena

Cited by 72 publications

References 23 publications

Studies on degradation mechanisms of lubricants for magnetic thin-film rigid disks

Studies on degradation mechanisms of lubricants for magnetic thin-film rigid disks

The Early Detection of Fatigue Damage

Spatially Resolved Triboemission Measurements

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