A survey of floral traits, breeding systems, floral visitors, and pollination systems of the angiosperms of the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile)

Bernardello, Gabriel; Anderson, Gregory J.; Stuessy, Tod F.; Crawford, Daniel J.

doi:10.1007/bf02858097

Cited by 143 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Floras of oceanic islands provide particularly relevant case studies because isolated islands often have few pollinators. For example, the Juan Fernández Islands support such a limited fauna, but few plant species are obligate selfers (Bernardello et al 2001). Instead, species in 30 per cent of genera on these islands have a different outcrossing pollination system than those of their putative ancestors and 47 per cent of species are apparently wind-pollinated.…”

Section: ; Also Van Kleunen and Johnson 2007)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral adaptation and diversification under pollen limitation

Harder

Aizen

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

153

151

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Pollen limitation (PL) of seed production creates unique conditions for reproductive adaptation by angiosperms, in part because, unlike under ovule or resource limitation, floral interactions with pollen vectors can contribute to variation in female success. Although the ecological and conservation consequences of PL have received considerable attention in recent times, its evolutionary implications are poorly appreciated. To identify general influences of PL on reproductive adaptation compared with those under other seed-production limits and their implications for evolution in altered environments, we derive a model that incorporates pollination and postpollination aspects of PL. Because PL always favours increased ovule fertilization, even when population dynamics are not seed limited, it should pervasively influence selection on reproductive traits. Significantly, under PL the intensity of inbreeding does not determine whether outcrossing or autonomous selfing can evolve, although it can affect which response is most likely. Because the causes of PL are multifaceted in both natural and anthropogenically altered environments, the possible outcrossing solutions are diverse and context dependent, which may contribute to the extensive variety of angiosperm reproductive characteristics. Finally, the increased adaptive options available under PL may be responsible for positive global associations between it and angiosperm diversity.

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Section: ; Also Van Kleunen and Johnson 2007)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral adaptation and diversification under pollen limitation

Harder

Aizen

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

153

151

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“…Two well-studied island systems with a high frequency of SC species are the Galá pagos (McMullen 1987(McMullen , 1990 and New Zealand (Webb and Kelly 1993). More recent compilations for the Robinson Crusoe (Juan Fernandez) Islands likewise document the prevalence of SC species Bernardello et al 2001). However, some of the most successful insular radiations in Asteraceae, the plant family with the highest number of oceanic island endemics (Crawford et al 2009b(Crawford et al , 2011, originated from SI ancestors in which there was likely some ''leakiness'' in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available evidence indicates that many of the SC species that have been studied on oceanic islands originated from SC colonizers (Carlquist 1974, chap. 9;McMullen 1987McMullen , 1990Sun and Ganders 1988;Anderson et al 2001;Bernardello et al 2001). Despite the apparent prevalence of SC species, there are at least some reports of various levels of PSC in island endemics, such as the silversword alliance in Hawaii (Carr et al 1986;Barrier et al 1999;Baldwin 2003; but see Bainbridge and Baldwin 2010) and Scalesia from the Galápagos Islands (Nielsen et al 2000(Nielsen et al , 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetics of Self-Compatibility and Associated Floral Characters inTolpis(Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands

Soto-Trejo

Kelly

Archibald

et al. 2013

International Journal of Plant Sciences

Self Cite

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Members of the genus Tolpis (Asteraceae) endemic to the Canary Islands comprise a monophyletic group with the dispersal of one species to the Cape Verde Islands. Most species are self-incompatible or pseudo-selfcompatible perennials. However, one species, Tolpis coronopifolia, consists of self-compatible annual plants with several floral features typical of the selfing syndrome. The evolution of self-compatibility and the selfing syndrome was studied by producing synthetic hybrids between self-incompatible/pseudo-self-compatible and self-compatible plants to determine the genetic architecture of breeding system and floral trait differences. There was a correlation between self-compatibility and selfing floral traits in the F 2 generation. Selfincompatibility in Tolpis appears to be controlled by a locus of major effect but with modifier loci affecting seed set. Segregation of floral traits indicates that they are controlled by multiple loci. The high molecular similarity between plants with the two breeding systems suggests that divergence of the self-compatible T. coronopifolia from self-incompatible/pseudo-self-compatible ancestors has been recent. The association between breeding system and floral features likely results from pleiotropy or close linkage and may have facilitated the rapid evolution of the morphologically distinct self-compatible T. coronopifolia.

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“…La sécrétion de nectar est donc la plupart du temps associée à un mode de pollinisation entomophile, tout au moins partiel, mais ceci n'est pas systématique : un certain nombre de fleurs de l'archipel Juan Fernández au Chili sont par exemple exclusivement anémo-philes, du fait de l'absence de visites d'insectes pollinisateurs, rares sur ces îles, alors qu'elles sécrètent pourtant du nectar (Anderson et al, 2000a(Anderson et al, , b, 2001Bernardello et al, 2000Bernardello et al, , 2001. Les auteurs font l'hypothèse que ces espèces ont perdu le caractère entomophile de leurs ancêtres continentaux, sans avoir encore perdu le caractère de sécrétion de nectar.…”

Section: La Sécrétion Nectarifère Florale Est-elle Forcément Synonymeunclassified

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

Chabert¹,

Lemoine²,

Fronteau³

et al. 2017

OCL

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Reçu le 5 octobre 2017 -Accepté le 7 novembre 2017Résumé -Au cours de l'histoire évolutive des plantes à fleurs, l'apparition des nectaires floraux a permis de substituer le pollen par du nectar pour attirer les animaux pollinisateurs, permettant de diminuer les coûts de la pollinisation animale liés à la consommation du pollen. Dans les productions de semence hybride des cultures entomophiles, connaître le niveau de sécrétion nectarifère des lignées en présence, mâle fertile (MF) et mâle stérile (MS), est important si l'on souhaite maximiser les transferts de pollen entre les deux. Dans cet article, nous faisons tout d'abord une revue des méthodes qui existent pour mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère, puis retenons celle qui mesure un taux de sécrétion brut, qui permet d'exprimer une vitesse de sécrétion, pour l'utiliser sur deux lignées de colza d'hiver (Brassica napus L.), la variété hybride F1 Exocet MF et son parent MS. Nous montrons que la sécrétion nectarifère du colza est constante sur un intervalle de temps de 6-8 heures durant les heures du jour, que cette sécrétion admet une température optimale se situant entre 20°C et 30°C, et qu'elle est autour de deux fois moindre chez le parent MS par rapport à la lignée F1. Ces résultats permettent de proposer une méthode de mesure rigoureuse pour comparer la sécrétion nectarifère entre lignées ou variétés. Nous concluons sur les principales autres variables dont il faudrait tenir compte pour notamment pouvoir estimer la quantité totale de nectar sécrétée par une surface donnée de culture.Mots clés : méthode / sécrétion nectarifère / colza / semence hybride / température Abstract -Measuring nectar secretion: the example of an F1 hybrid and its male sterile parent in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). During the evolutionary history of flowering plants, the appearance of floral nectaries allowed the replacement of pollen by nectar to attract pollinators, allowing lower costs involved in animal pollination by reducing the consumption of pollen. In the hybrid seed productions of entomophilous crops, knowing the levels of nectar secretion of the different lines, the male fertile (MF) and the male sterile (MS) ones, is important to maximize pollen transfers between them. In this study, we start with a review of current methods used to measure nectar secretion, and choose the one that provides a gross secretion rate in order to use it on two winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) lines, the hybrid F1 'Exocet' and its MS parent. We show that oilseed rape has a gross nectar secretion rate that is constant over a period of 6-8 hours during daylight hours, that it has a thermal optimum included between 20°C and 30°C, and that the parental MS line secretes about half as much as the hybrid F1 one. These results enable us to propose a rigorous method to compare nectar secretions between lines and varieties. We conclude with the main other variables that should be taken into account to estimate the total amount of nectar produced by a given area of crop.

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A survey of floral traits, breeding systems, floral visitors, and pollination systems of the angiosperms of the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile)

Cited by 143 publications

References 88 publications

Floral adaptation and diversification under pollen limitation

Floral adaptation and diversification under pollen limitation

The Genetics of Self-Compatibility and Associated Floral Characters inTolpis(Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

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