A Survey of Fungal Pathogens of Aphids from South Africa, with Special Reference to Cereal Aphids

Hatting, Justin; Humber, Richard A.; Poprawski, T. J.; Miller, Raymond

doi:10.1006/bcon.1999.0731

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…planchoniana has been reported in Europe, Australia, North and South America, and South Africa (Wilding 1975;Milner et al 1980;Feng and Nowierski 1991;Hatting et al 1999) and is often encountered in cereal aphid populations (Dean and Wilding 1971;Dedryver 1981;Hatting et al 1999;. It has been reported to be a causal agent of epizootics (Milner et al 1980;Coremans-Pelseneer et al 1983;Feng and Nowierski 1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its value as a natural control agent is low in Slovakia, and it is not clear why the fungus was so rarely encountered. In other areas of the world this fungus was usually identified from cereal aphids (Feng et al 1990;Feng and Nowierski 1991;Steenberg and Eilenberg 1995;Hatting et al 1999). Z. phalloides and Z. occidentalis, both of which have a worldwide distribution, are obligate and not very common aphid pathogens (Bałazy 1993) which mostly prefer aphid colonies in natural vegetation (Miętkiewski et al 1981;Keller 1991;Bałazy 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The group of 15 entomopathogenic fungi observed during the survey surpasses the number of pathogens reported from the aphid fauna in other countries or regions. Regional lists of aphid pathogenic fungi have been published for many countries, including Sweden (Gustafsson 1965), France (Thoizon 1970), Australia (Milner et al 1980), Israel (Ben-Ze'ev et al 1984, Finland (Papierok 1989), Poland (Bałazy et al 1990), South Africa (Hatting et al 1999), and Iceland (Nielsen et al 2001b). To date, 30 entomophthoralean species (excluding species infecting aphids only in laboratory bioassays) have been known to infect aphids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species is considered to live mainly as a widespread soil saprophyte, is often isolated from soil samples (Coremans-Pelseneer et al 1983;Sajap et al 1997) and can attack insects inhabiting the soil (Keller 1987). C. coronatus does not play a significant role in the regulation of aphid populations (Remaudie`re et al 1981;Papierok 1985;Hatting et al 1999). Under natural conditions, it can be regarded as a nonprimary pathogen, invading insects secondarily after they have died from other causes (Papierok 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations on the Occurrence of Entomophthorales Infecting Aphids (Aphidoidea) in Slovakia

Barta

Cagáň

2006

BioControl

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The species spectrum of entomophthoralean fungi parasiting aphids was investigated in Slovakia. The surveys focused on aphid fauna occupying both agricultural crops and vegetation at non-crop sites. During the surveys, 15 different entomophthoralean species were identified from 66 aphid species. Of these 15 fungal species, eight had not previously been recorded in Slovakia and one species, Erynia erinacea (Ben-Ze'ev et Kenneth) Remaudie`re et Hennebert, had not been recorded previously in Central Europe. New hosts for some parasitic fungi were also recorded. The occurrence of fungal infection and the fungal species spectrum varied with sampling period and sampling area. In general, the fungi were observed parasiting aphid populations from April until November. Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudie`re et Hennebert) Humber was the predominant fungal pathogen and could effectively reduce aphid populations. Entomophthora planchoniana Cornu and Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall et Dunn) Remaudie`re et Keller were also common pathogens of aphids, but without an epizootic potential. On the other hand, Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Remaudie`re et Keller had a strong tendency to establish epizootics in dense aphid colonies, especially in those of the black bean aphid. Other entomophthoralean species observed in the country were considered to be minor aphid pathogens on account of their low occurrence, lower specificity to aphids, or high specificity to a single aphid species. This is the first detailed report to date on the occurrence of Entomophthorales in Slovakia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Observations on the Occurrence of Entomophthorales Infecting Aphids (Aphidoidea) in Slovakia

Barta

Cagáň

2006

BioControl

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“…Yield losses due to D. noxia are severe with possible individual plant losses as high as 90% (Walters, 1984 (Marasas et al, 1997;Tolmay et al, 2000) that has been actively researched and promoted to this day. This strategy has encouraged the use of a variety of natural enemies of the aphid such as parasitic wasps (Prinsloo, 1998;2000;Prinsloo & Du Plessis, 2000), predators (Aalbersberg et al, 1988) and entomopathogenic fungi (Hatting et al, 1999;2000;, in support of D. noxia resistant cultivars, which have formed the backbone of the control programme. One of these parasitic wasps namely Aphelinus hordei, was introduced from the Ukraine in 1991.…”

Section: Russian Wheat Aphidmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the context and scope of wheat (Triticum aestivum) research in South Africa from 1983 to 2008

Smit¹,

Tolmay²,

Barnard³

et al. 2010

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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The domestic requirement for wheat in South Africa is approximately 2.8 million tons and annually the shortfall on local production is imported to meet the demand. During the past 25 years two distinct wheat marketing mechanisms characterised the wheat industry, impacting significantly on both research and industry. In 1996 the single channel marketing system through the Wheat Board made way for a liberal marketing environment in which market forces of supply and demand determine price. This refocused most research activities on factors to lower input costs and risks, while increasing the profitability of wheat production. Significant challenges were experienced with much stricter milling and baking quality requirements impacting on not only the development of adapted wheat cultivars for South African conditions, but also on fertiliser and cultivar recommendations, as well as production practices. Minimum tillage, preharvest sprouting, as well as the threat of Russian wheat aphid and stripe rust were some of the pertinent challenges faced during this time. Significant scientific breakthroughs of international importance were made with regard to the physiological and biochemical nature of insect resistance and plant defence as well as the transfer of resistance genes from alien species. This review provides an overview of the most pertinent wheat research undertaken from 1983 to 2008.

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Defining biotechnological solutions for insect control in sub‐Saharan Africa

Botha

Kunert

Malinga

et al. 2019

Food and Energy Security

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Africa is burdened by food insecurity with nearly a billion people suffering from starvation, undernutrition, and malnutrition. Climate change prediction models forecast changes in rainfall patterns and rising temperature regimes, with impacts particularly on Southern and East Africa. These predictions are especially concerning for the production of major food crops, such as maize, sorghum, millet, and groundnut, because median temperature increases are associated with increased pest pressure and changes in migratory patterns. These factors will result in significantly more pest invasions and an increased need for innovative insect management practices. This review focuses on pest control strategies, highlighting important examples, their economic impact, and new alternative pest control strategies. African policymakers remain hesitant to move forward with establishing biosafety laws and commercializing GM crops, and it is often difficult to implement regulatory measures in smallholder agriculture to increase efficacy.

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A Survey of Fungal Pathogens of Aphids from South Africa, with Special Reference to Cereal Aphids

Cited by 53 publications

References 17 publications

Observations on the Occurrence of Entomophthorales Infecting Aphids (Aphidoidea) in Slovakia

Observations on the Occurrence of Entomophthorales Infecting Aphids (Aphidoidea) in Slovakia

An overview of the context and scope of wheat (Triticum aestivum) research in South Africa from 1983 to 2008

Defining biotechnological solutions for insect control in sub‐Saharan Africa

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