A Survey of Hydrogen Energy and I-Energy Applications: Household Intelligent Electrical Power Systems

Abstract

The authors would like to thank the DSR technical and financial support. ABSTRACT I-energy and its applications used in the smart grid are chosen as attractive research issues due to their widespread applications in the smart home. In this vein, the optimization of energy demand in smart home appliances, in a smart grid, is considered the main challenge faced by power companies during peak periods regarding its considerable effect on the global power system stabilities. Therefore, this paper aims to show explicitly the performance of smart grid on electricity and hydrogen applications with reused communication methods. To facilitate the understanding of the communication-reused methods in the smart grid, several components are identified and presented in terms of improvements, benefits and lack of features. In the smart grid, most innovation communications are being used as wireline and wireless bundle, where the main features are aggregated. Indeed, reducing consumers' electricity bills in smart home electrical systems relies on increasing the relationship between the highest energy demand and annual energy use. The most appropriate research has been reviewed on optimization approaches discussing the smart home electric system. The examined methods are categorized into trustworthy and metaheuristic algorithms. INDEX TERMS Smart home, I-energy concept, hydrogen-renewable energy system, smart meter, smart grid, risk management, demand-side management, AMI.

Smart Home Energy Management System

“…We need to define the behavior of smart devices operating in Smart Home (SH) over the time horizon to monitor the energy needs [29]. The scheduling time horizon for household appliances is generally fragmented into an amount of times slots that are expressed by: ( 60 min 1 ) ( )…”

Optimal Design and Operation of Regional Multi-Energy Systems With High Renewable Penetration Considering Reliability Constraints

“…From another perspective, the development of water electrolysis and fuel cell technologies makes it possible to convert the redundant power into hydrogen for synthetic ammonia, alcohol production, steel making, fuel cell energy supply, etc. [6]. It gets rid of the single storage function of the battery, realizes the bridge between renewable energy and industrial applications, and can further increase the renewable penetrations [7].…”