A survey of keratinophilic fungi as a tool for hen feather utilization

Parihar, Pramila; Kushwaha, R. K. S.

doi:10.1007/bf02460932

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Feathers and hairs are a rich source of keratin and are regarded as the best suitable reservoir for the occurrence and growth of keratin‐degrading‐microorganisms, keratinophilic fungi in nature. The microbial activity like colonisation and competition on feathers as a substrate is usually low, even for highly known competitive saprophytes 6 . Moreover, these keratinophiles can tolerate the somewhat higher temperature of the bird skin surface (40–42°C) which is usually unfavorable for the growth of most other fungi 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microbial activity like colonisation and competition on feathers as a substrate is usually low, even for highly known competitive saprophytes. 6 Moreover, these keratinophiles can tolerate the somewhat higher temperature of the bird skin surface (40-42°C) which is usually unfavorable for the growth of most other fungi. 7 Generally, birds frequently carry keratinophiles passively through the intact feathers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Keratinophilic fungi on feathers of common clinically healthy birds in Bahrain

Mandeel

Nardoni

Mancianti

2010

Mycoses

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The occurrence of keratinophilic fungi associated with feather samples from 10 bird species was investigated using Mycobiotic Agar(®) following the incubation at 25 ± 2°C for 4 weeks. A total of 225 feather samples were cultured, of which 157 (69.77%) were found to be positive. Altogether 184 fungal isolates represented by 11 species and grouped into five genera were recovered viz. Chrysosporium, Trichophyton, Arthroderma, Scopulariopsis and Sepedonium. Based on relative density values to rank species prevalence, the most common genus was Chrysosporium. Chrysosporium keratinophilum was the predominant species (54.34%) on most of the bird species, followed by Chrysosporium tropicum (17.93%). Relative densities of less than 10% were noticed with Chrysosporium merdarium (8.69%), followed by Scopulariosis spp. (7.06%). The lowest density of occurrence was depicted by Arthroderma tuberculatum (0.54%) and Sepedonium spp. (0.54%). Alexandrian parrots and chickens yielded the widest keratinophilic species diversity (6), followed by quail, duck and pigeons (5), while lovebirds showed the narrowest species diversity (1). The average number of species spectra and isolates per bird is 3.7 and 18.4, respectively. The study further showed that apparently healthy bird feathers can harbour a variety of fungi that may be considered as a source for transmitting potential pathogens of clinical importance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratinophilic fungi on feathers of common clinically healthy birds in Bahrain

Mandeel

Nardoni

Mancianti

2010

Mycoses

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“…The composting process released amino acids from feather (containing mainly keratin) which significantly promoted plant growth. Many other fungi such as Chrysosporium europae and Microsporum gypseum have been used to degrade feather keratin and release amino acids (Parihar and Kushwaha 2000 ).…”

Section: Conventional Uses Of Spent Hensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional use and sustainable valorization of spent egg-laying hens as functional foods and biomaterials: A review

Fan

2022

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Spent hen are egg-laying hens reaching the end of their laying cycles; billions of spent hens are produced globally each year. Differences in people’s attitudes towards spent hen as foods lead to their different fates among countries. While spent hens are consumed as raw or processed meat products in Asian countries such as China, India, Korea, and Thailand, they are treated as a byproduct or waste, not a food product, in the western society; they are instead disposed by burial, incineration, composting (as fertilizers), or rendering into animal feed and pet food, which either create little market value or cause animal welfare and environmental concerns. Despite being a waste, spent hen is a rich source of animal proteins and lipids, which are suitable starting materials for developing valorized products. This review discussed the conventional uses of spent hens, including food, animal feed, pet food, and compost, and the emerging uses, including biomaterials and functional food ingredients. These recent advances enable more sustainable utilization of spent hen, contributing to alternative solutions to its disposal while yielding residual value to the egg industry. Future research will continue to focus on the conversion of spent hen biomass into value-added products. Graphical abstract

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“…Birds and their environments are regarded as large reservoirs for the occurrence and growth of keratindegrading microorganisms (Deshmukh 2004, Mandeel et al 2011). Colonisation of keratin by saprophytes is uncommon as is competition for access to keratin (Parihar and Kushwaha 2000). Keratinophilic microorganisms can tolerate temperatures above that of bird skin (40-42°C) (Kaul and Sumbali 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrival date and microorganisms in barn swallows

Rubaiee

Al-Murayati

Møller

2018

Journal of Avian Biology

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Migration between breeding sites and winter quarters constitute a major life history strategy in birds. The benefits of such migrations must at least equal the costs for such behavior to evolve and be maintained. We tested whether there was a relationship between abundance and diversity of microorganisms on nest lining feathers and timing of arrival by barn swallows Hirundo rustica. Nest lining feathers are chosen and transported by adult barn swallows to their nests just before and during egg laying, at a time when barn swallows have arrived weeks earlier, implying that any heterogeneity in abundance and diversity of microorganisms on feathers in nests must arise from feather preferences. There was a negative relationship between arrival date and the total number of fledglings showing that early arrival is advantageous. The arrival date of adult barn swallows was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of specific bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis) and positively correlated with the abundance of the fungus Trichoderma reesei and negatively correlated with the abundance of the fungus Mucor circinelloides. Moreover, we found a significant positive relationship between arrival date and mean total number of bacterial colonies in TSA medium. There was a significant negative relationship between arrival date and mean total number of bacterial colonies in FMA medium, and Simpson's diversity index of the abundance of bacteria in FMA medium. Such heterogeneity may arise from some microorganisms being beneficial, others detrimental and yet others benign and of no significant importance. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between arrival date and age of individuals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early arriving barn swallows differ in abundance and diversity of microorganisms from late arriving conspecifics, and that they choose feathers for their nests that differ in terms of microorganisms from those chosen by late arrival individuals.

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A survey of keratinophilic fungi as a tool for hen feather utilization

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Keratinophilic fungi on feathers of common clinically healthy birds in Bahrain

Keratinophilic fungi on feathers of common clinically healthy birds in Bahrain

Conventional use and sustainable valorization of spent egg-laying hens as functional foods and biomaterials: A review

Arrival date and microorganisms in barn swallows

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