A Survey of Methods and Technologies for Congestion Estimation Based on Multisource Data Fusion

Abstract

Traffic congestion occurs when traffic demand is greater than the available network capacity. It is characterized by lower vehicle speeds, increased travel times, arrival unreliability, and longer vehicular queueing. Congestion can also impose a negative impact on the society by decreasing the quality of life with increased pollution, especially in urban areas. To mitigate the congestion problem, traffic engineers and scientists need quality, comprehensive, and accurate data to estimate the state of traffic flow. Various types of data collection technologies have different advantages and disadvantages as well as data characteristics, such as accuracy, sampling frequency, and geospatial coverage. Multisource data fusion increases the accuracy and provides a comprehensive estimation of the performance of traffic flow on a road network. This paper presents a literature overview related to the estimation of congestion and prediction based on the data collected from multiple sources. An overview of data fusion methods and congestion indicators used in the literature for traffic state and congestion estimation is given. Results of these methods are analyzed, and a disseminative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of surveyed methods is presented.

Comparitive Study on Real-Time Traffic State Estimation

“…[6,12] IV. DATA COLLECTION METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES [3,20] classifies traffic data gathering devices into three categories depending on functionality: point sensors, point-to-point sensors, and area-wide sensors. The term "sensor" here refers to a traffic flow sensor, which is a device or system that may gather data on traffic flow.…”

“…Inductive loops, piezoelectric sensors, video image sensors, radars, infrared sensors, acoustic sensors, pneumatic road tubes, and magnetic sensors are examples of point sensors. These sensors are used to measure traffic volume, speed, occupancy, and other traffic flow characteristics and are often restricted in spatial coverage [3,[21][22][23].…”

“…Some technologies do not have to fit into one of these categories and can be employed as point or point-to-point sensors. Researchers have used inductive loops for vehicle reidentification and journey time estimate in various articles [3]. As point and point-to-point sensors, cameras and video-and image processing are employed to collect traffic data [3].…”

“…The main purpose of the study article is to look at about 30 papers that are thoroughly evaluated and then analysed, with their methods defined. [3]…”

Development of Tourism for Culture and Innovation Based on Convergence of Data in the Perspective of Industrial Integration

“…Zhang et al argue that there are certain barriers between industries, specifically, the phenomenon of increasing crossover between different industries, mainly because the government no longer has strong control over firms, while technology is advancing and there is more and more cooperation between industries, which is the phenomenon of industrial integration [19]. Cvetek et al construct a theoretical framework expressed in theoretical framework represented by three-dimensional coordinates to explain the nature of the convergence of media information services such as telecommunications and broadcasting [20].…”