A survey of optical wireless technologies: practical considerations, impairments, security issues and future research directions

Mohsan, Syed Agha Hassnain; Mazinani, Alireza; Sadiq, Hassaan Bin; Hussain, Amjad

doi:10.1007/s11082-021-03442-5

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…Optical wireless communication such as FSO systems are promising candidates to satisfy the demands for higher data rates in B5G or 6G technology [ 90 ]. FSO systems provide wide bandwidth spectrum to support higher data rate services, e.g., video surveillance, tactile internet, and wireless backhauling.…”

Section: Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Assisted UAV Communications for Massive Networks: Current Trends, Challenges, and Research Directions

Mohsan

Khan

Alsharif

et al. 2022

Sensors

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A intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) can intelligently configure wavefronts such as amplitude, frequency, phase, and even polarization through passive reflections and without requiring any radio frequency (RF) chains. It is predicted to be a revolutionizing technology with the capability to alter wireless communication to enhance both spectrum and energy efficiencies with low expenditure and low energy consumption. Similarly, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication has attained a significant interest by research fraternity due to high mobility, flexible deployment, and easy integration with other technologies. However, UAV communication can face obstructions and eavesdropping in real-time scenarios. Recently, it is envisaged that IRS and UAV can combine together to achieve unparalleled opportunities in difficult environments. Both technologies can achieve enhanced performance by proactively altering the wireless propagation through maneuver control and smart signal reflections in three-dimensional space. This study briefly discusses IRS-assisted UAV communications. We survey the existing literature on this emerging research topic for both ground and airborne scenarios. We highlight several emerging technologies and application scenarios for future wireless networks. This study goes one step further to elaborate research opportunities to design and optimize wireless systems with low energy footprint and at low cost. Finally, we shed some light on open challenges and future research directions for IRS-assisted UAV communication.

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Section: Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Assisted UAV Communications for Massive Networks: Current Trends, Challenges, and Research Directions

Mohsan

Khan

Alsharif

et al. 2022

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…This can support the high data rate, low latency, and security requirements of future 6G wireless applications [ 1 ]. Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising optical wireless technology that uses the visible light spectrum for data transfer and localization [ 2 , 3 ]. It is based on the modulation of artificial light in the visible frequency range and has the potential to provide high data rates and low latency for various wireless applications [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effects of LED-Based Visible Light Communication on Reading and Color Perception in Indoor Environments: An Experimental Study

Caputo

Mucchi

Comparetto

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Visible light communications (VLC) is a technology that enables the transmission of digital information with a light source. VLC is nowadays seen as a promising technology for indoor applications, helping WiFi to handle the spectrum crunch. Possible indoor applications range from Internet connection at home/office to multimedia content delivery in a museum. Despite the vast interest of researchers in both theoretical analysis and experimentation on VLC technology, no studies have been carried out on the human perceptions of objects illuminated by VLC-based lamps. It is important to define if a VLC lamp decreases the reading capability or modifies the color perception in order to make VLC a technology appropriate for everyday life use. This paper describes the results of psychophysical tests on humans to define if VLC lamps modify the perception of colors or the reading speed. The results of the reading speed test showed a 0.97 correlation coefficient between tests with and without VLC modulated light, leading us to conclude that there is no difference in the reading speed capability with and without VLC-modulated light. The results of the color perception test showed a Fisher exact test p-value of 0.2351, showing that the perception of color is not influenced by the presence of the VLC modulated light.

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“…Over the last two decades, we are witnessing colossal demand for ultra-high bandwidth, low latency in data transportation, and higher data rates to accommodate different technologies supported by smartphones, tablets, and personal computers namely high-definition television services, internet access, esports services, internetbased telephony services and streaming multimedia applications, etc [1][2][3][4]. To fully facilitate the abovementioned technologies different wireless communication standard such as 3G and 4G has been developed and nowadays 5G is playing a vital role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of a hybrid FSO/mmWave/THz system for short-range communication under rain and fog conditions

Verma,

Prince

2023

Phys. Scr.

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For fronthaul cellular networks, the suitability of a hybrid free space optical (FSO)/ radio frequency (RF) high data rate communication systems such as millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) with reliable connectivity under weather conditions (rain and fog) is proposed and analyzed. The aim of this hybrid system is to suit short-range communication covering 5G/6G and beyond cellular networks. The 4 pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme parallel transmission and adaptive receiver approach is considered for the work. The theoretical work on estimating the attenuation characteristics under various weather conditions is carried out followed by the simulation of a hybrid communication system for obtaining the received power at different link lengths. Based on the received power for a data rate of 1 Gbps signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) is calculated for a link length of 0.2 km, 0.5 km and 1 km for 4 PAM. For varying fog conditions, mmWave/THz carrier is found to be suitable with a BER of 10-10 at a link length of 0.5 km. For varying rain rates, FSO performs well with a BER of 10-8. The link length and performance can be improved with increased transmit power in both communication systems. The THz carrier offers a high data rate, and a hybrid system is proposed with FSO/THz to have reliable connectivity in harsh weather scenarios.

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A survey of optical wireless technologies: practical considerations, impairments, security issues and future research directions

Cited by 31 publications

References 232 publications

Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Assisted UAV Communications for Massive Networks: Current Trends, Challenges, and Research Directions

Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Assisted UAV Communications for Massive Networks: Current Trends, Challenges, and Research Directions

Exploring the Effects of LED-Based Visible Light Communication on Reading and Color Perception in Indoor Environments: An Experimental Study

Performance analysis of a hybrid FSO/mmWave/THz system for short-range communication under rain and fog conditions

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