A Survey of Presence and Related Concepts

Skarbez, Richard; Brooks, Frederick P.; Whitton, Mary C.

doi:10.1145/3134301

Cited by 352 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 91 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

267

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In this document, and in line with current research (Cummings and Bailenson 2016;Skarbez et al 2017), immersion is understood as a technological, hence objective, quality of media describing "[…] the extent to which the computer displays are capable of delivering an inclusive, extensive, surrounding and vivid illusion of reality to the senses of a human participant." (Slater and Wilbur 1997, p. 3).…”

Section: Immersive Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

Hruby

2019

KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, immersion has become a frequently emphasized factor in the geovisualization research agenda. A principal reason for this growing interest is the assumption that immersive virtual environments (IVE) facilitate the formation of spatial presence, generally understood as the sense of "being there". In a virtually mediated environment, the feeling of being there is of particular concern for cartographic ambitions, in terms of generating insights through geospatial representation. Current literature indicates that immersive VR systems stimulate the experience of spatial presence; however, this assumption is mainly based upon user studies in the visual communication channel. Moreover, research on IVE for geovisualization matters has to date been focused on visual-graphical rather than on auditive or even multisensory representations in virtual space. In this context, the present paper aims to evaluate the potential of audiovisual cartography with immersive virtual environments. Following a brief discussion of basic concepts, such as immersion, spatial presence and embodiment, we will integrate these aspects into a geovisualization immersion pipeline (GIP), as a framework with which to systematically link the technical and cognitive aspects of IVE. In the subsequent sections, we will examine this framework in the audio channel by analyzing how sound is implemented and perceived in GeoIVE. As we shall see, the positive effect of a combined audio-visual vs. exclusively visual presentation is supported by a series of user studies of sound effects, making audiovisual cartography with IVE a rich and worthwhile field of research. ZusammenfassungVirtuelle Realität (VR) und Immersion haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren auf der Forschungsagenda der Kartographie fest etabliert. Ein Hauptgrund dieses wachsenden Interesses ist die Annahme, dass immersive virtuelle Umgebungen räumliches Präsenzerleben induzieren, so dass sich Rezipient/inn/en in einer medialen Umgebung anwesend fühlen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten innerhalb derselben wahrnehmen. Für das grundsätzliche Ziel der Kartographie, raumbezogenes Wissen durch Repräsentationen zu vermitteln, ist das Phänomen räumlichen Präsenzerlebens von besonderem Interesse. Rezente Studien weisen zwar darauf hin, dass immersive VR-Systeme ein hohes Präsenzerleben erzeugen können, stützen sich dabei jedoch in erster Linie auf Untersuchungen des visuellen Kommunikationskanals. Ebenso hat sich die kartographische Erforschung immersiver Umgebungen bislang vor allem visuellen bzw. graphischen, weniger aber auditiven und multisensorischen Repräsentationsformen gewidmet. Vor diesem Hintergrund versucht der vorliegende Text, das Potenzial einer audiovisuellen Kartographie in immersiven virtuellen Umgebungen zu bewerten. Der einleitenden Diskussion zentraler Termini (z.B. Immersion, räumliches Präsenzerleben, Embodiment) folgt eine Verknüpfung dieser Schlüsselbegriffe innerhalb einer kartographischen Immersionspipeline -eine Modellvorstellung, die technische und kognitive Aspekte imme...

show abstract

Section: Immersive Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spatial Presence is the user's feeling of "being there" within a virtual environment (Skarbez et al 2017). Two subdivisions of spatial presence, i.e., self-location and action possibilities can be distinguished.…”

Section: Spatial Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

Hruby

2019

KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rather, to achieve the experience of being located in an IVE the user must, in a second step, accept the virtual environment as his primary reference space, answering the question 'am I situated in this space?' in the affirmative (Skarbez, Brooks, and Whitton 2017). Again, the media quality (e.g.…”

Section: Formation Of Spatial Presencementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Current research on IVE is often based on the assumption that the objective of VR-applications is the creation of presence, generally understood as the sense of 'being there' (Cummings and Bailenson 2016). While the idea of presence can be traced to Gibson (1979), different definitions have since been proposed (see Skarbez, Brooks, and Whitton (2017) for a detailed analysis). Given that an exhaustive review of these concepts is beyond the scope of this paper, we will base our discussion on the following definition by Wirth et al (2007), which is in broad agreement with the Gibsonian understanding of presence.…”

Section: Spatial Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

Geovisualization with immersive virtual environments in theory and practice

Hruby

Ressl

Valle

2018

International Journal of Digital Earth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Virtual reality (VR) is a frequently emphasized issue on the Digital Earth (DE) agenda. While current DE research is more engaged in the technical aspects of VR applications, this paper focuses on what is possible with immersive virtual environments (IVE) from the user's perspective. After a brief discussion of spatial presence and embodiment in the context of IVE, both concepts will be merged into a geovisualization immersion pipeline (GIP) as a framework with which to systematically link technical and cognitive aspects of IVE. We will then analyze the general criteria that must be met by IVE in order to facilitate the experience of spatial presence. Adapting these criteria to the special requirements of geospatial data, a definition of geovisualization immersive virtual environments (GeoIVE) is formulated. Finally, the theoretical considerations of this paper are set into practice, using a GeoIVE of a coral reef ecosystem as an example. As we shall see, while GIS do not provide data models or data compatibility for direct visualization of GeoIVE on VR output devices, game engines can serve as middleware to fill this gap. ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

“…Furthermore, breaks in so-called Place Illusion (the sense of being in a virtual space) and Plausibility Illusion (the overall plausibility of the events, surroundings or experiences) are a proven cause of degradation of the experience which will have a detrimental effect resulting in noticeable changes in physiological indicators or user state (Skarbez et al 2018a). In a review on the construct of presence and other related concepts in Skarbez et al (2018b) authors note three ways of measuring it, either through administration of self-report presence questionnaires, behavioral and physiological measures. While questionnaires are the most widely used means of measuring presence the relation of self-reported presence to specific physiological variables is inconclusive.…”

Section: Remain Validmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of electrodermal and cardio-vascular reactivity in virtual reality through a combined stress induction protocol

Kerous

Barteček

Román

et al. 2020

J Ambient Intell Human Comput

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, task-related stress induction through Stroop task and social stress induction protocol based on elements of Trier Social Stress Test are examined. The aim of the paper is to find the optimal combination of social and task-related stress to be used to consistently and reliably induce a stressful reaction. In total 16 healthy subjects participated in this study that seeks to find and compare the different stressors and their relation to physiological reactivity. Our findings show that electrodermal activity measurements are suitable when using a combination of stressors while heart rate and Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences highlight a greater reactivity to task-stress.

show abstract

A Survey of Presence and Related Concepts

Cited by 352 publications

References 91 publications

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

The Sound of Being There: Audiovisual Cartography with Immersive Virtual Environments

Geovisualization with immersive virtual environments in theory and practice

Examination of electrodermal and cardio-vascular reactivity in virtual reality through a combined stress induction protocol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About