A Survey of Reconfigurable Optical Networks

Hall, Matthew Nance; Foerster, Klaus-Tycho; Schmid, Stefan; Durairajan, Ramakrishnan

doi:10.1016/j.osn.2021.100621

Cited by 47 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…In terms of algorithm design, linear programming (LP) is often used to optimize topology and routing in reconfigurable DCNs [42], [43], [44], but LP's computational complexity is high; machine learning approaches [35], [36], [37] can also provide traffic-driven topology adaptation, but may not be robust in all situations and its cost-benefit trade-off may not be the best [45]. In terms of network control, even if the underlying optical switching hardware is fast, the software convergence speed can be slow.…”

Section: High-frequency Vs Low-frequency Reconfigurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold-Based Routing-Topology Co-Design for Optical Data Center

Cao

Zhao

Dai

et al. 2023

IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking

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Despite the bandwidth scaling limit of electrical switching and the high cost of building Clos data center networks (DCNs), the adoption of optical DCNs is still limited. There are two reasons. First, existing optical DCN designs usually face high deployment complexity. Second, these designs are not full-optical and the performance benefit over the non-blocking Clos DCN is not clear. After exploring the design tradeoffs of the existing optical DCN designs, we propose TROD (Threshold Routing based Optical Datacenter), a low-complexity optical DCN with superior performance than other optical DCNs. There are two novel designs in TROD that contribute to its success. First, TROD performs robust topology optimization based on the recurring traffic patterns and thus does not need to react to every traffic change, which lowers deployment and management complexity. Second, TROD introduces tVLB (threshold-based Valiant Load Balance), which can avoid network congestion as much as possible even under unexpected traffic bursts. We conduct simulation based on both Facebook's real DCN traces and our synthesized highly bursty DCN traces. TROD reduces flow completion time (FCT) by about 1.15-2.16× compared to Google's Jupiter DCN, at least 2× compared to other optical DCN designs, and about 2.4-3.2× compared to expander graph DCN. Compared with the non-blocking Clos, TROD reduces the hop count of the majority packets by one, and could even outperform the non-blocking Clos with proper bandwidth over-provision at the optical layer. Note that TROD can be built with commercially available hardware and does not require host modifications.

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Section: High-frequency Vs Low-frequency Reconfigurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold-Based Routing-Topology Co-Design for Optical Data Center

Cao

Zhao

Dai

et al. 2023

IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking

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“…Today it turns out that (optical) switches do not have to fulfill only the role in terms of routing information, although this will always be their primary role in reconfigurable optical networks. 3 They can also play a role in mitigating adverse conditions in the optical channel. It is prudent to address these open possibilities and exploit them to minimize the impact of even phenomena as strongly stochastic as e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrally effective mitigation of polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers

Dubovan,

Litvik

2023

Specialty Optical Fibres

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“…As the world's online services (e.g., AI, ML) migrate onto the cloud, demands on optical layer will continue to grow. In response, inspired by reconfigurable topologies in data centers [2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11-15, 22, 24], concerted efforts have been pursued to reconfigure the optical layer [10,16,19,21]. Further, the recent development of OpenConfig [20] will enable a more flexible and programmable optical layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are WANs Ready for Optical Topology Programming?

Hall¹,

Barford

Foerster

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Workshop on Optical Systems

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In today's wide-area networks, the optical layer is a relatively static and inflexible commodity. In response, Optical Topology Programming (OTP) has been proposed to enable fast and flexible reconfiguration of wavelengths at the optical layer from higher layers. We answer whether WANs are ready for OTP, concluding they are not. We reach this judgement by measuring reconfiguration delay on a long-haul fiber span. To push the needle on OTP towards feasibility, we show how to reduce the time to provision a circuit by an order of magnitude-from minutes to seconds. Finally, we propose a method to quickly store and load optical network equipment settings, reducing the time to less than 1 second. CCS CONCEPTS• Networks → Programmable networks.

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A Survey of Reconfigurable Optical Networks

Cited by 47 publications

References 150 publications

Threshold-Based Routing-Topology Co-Design for Optical Data Center

Threshold-Based Routing-Topology Co-Design for Optical Data Center

Spectrally effective mitigation of polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers

Are WANs Ready for Optical Topology Programming?

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