A survey of routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: Hierarchical routing

Performance Evaluation of new Energy Aware Cluster Based Multi-hop (EACBM) Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…The key thought in PEGASIS is to frame a chain among all sensor nodes so that each sensor nodes receives information from its closest neighbors; fuses its own information and pass it to the next sensor node. This process continues until information reaches to the destined BS [24]. This results in the reduction of average energy spent by each sensor node per round.…”

“…So sensor nodes having more remaining energy have more chances to be CH. It enhanced network lifetime and have more efficient data transmission technique as compared to SEP, LEACH and HEED [24]. Its drawback is that while designing multi-level heterogeneity large number of different energy level sensor nodes have to be used which may be not possible.…”

“…The value of threshold is given by T(n) = P/ {1-P(r mod 1/P)} where P is desired percentage of CHs, r is the number of current round. And in steady state phase information transmission takes place between sensor nodes and CH & CH and BS [24]. Its drawback is that it cannot be used for large area network because it uses one hop communication for transferring information from CH to BS.…”

“…It is best suitable for time critical applications like intrusion detection, explosion detection etc., [24]. Here, CH does not send their information directly to the BS, instead it sends from lower level CH to one level above CH in hierarchy and so on until it reaches to the BS.…”

“…Advance nodes have more energy as compared to normal nodes and their quantity is also less due to its high cost. Here CH is selected on the basis of weighted election probability of sensor nodes [24]. So chances of advance sensor nodes to act as CH are more.…”