A survey of solvent selection guides

Abstract

The data given in the published solvent guides have been compiled. An acceptable alignment of the classifications could be met.

Green alternative solvents for the copper-catalysed arylation of phenols and amides

“…The ACS Green Chemistry Institute-Pharmaceutical Roundtable (ACS GCI-PR) has made available a more general list, developed collaboratively by the members of different pharmaceutical companies, 2 and a comparison between individual solvent guides has been published by the Chem21 consortium. 8,9 Water is always at the top in the lists of green solvents, and much work has been carried out on transition metal-catalysed reactions in this solvent. [10][11][12][13][14] However, the physical properties of water do not always make it practically the best solvent for an industrial process, 6 and the low solubility of many organic compounds in water represents an obvious issue.…”

Effects of Cl on the reduction of supported PdO in ethanol/water solvent mixtures

“…As a result, the use of solvents has been identified as the biggest contributor to the economic and environmental costs of a chemical manufacturing process. In order to minimise these impacts, there are a number of solvent selection guides published in recent years, which aim to define what is a "green" solvent [1][2][3][4], assessed by its safety, health and environmental criteria.…”

Continuous-Flow Hydrogenation of 4-Phenylpyridine to 4-Phenylpiperidine with Integrated Product Isolation Using a CO2 Switchable System

“…We have demonstrated the selective hydrogenation of 4-phenylpyridine to the corresponding 4-phenylpiperidine using a commercially available Pd/C heterogeneous catalyst and EtOAc as ecologically benign solvent [38,39]. The continuousflow hydrogenation of 4-phenylpyridine to 4-phenylpiperidine was optimized using a DoE approach.…”