A survey of the best growing conditions of in vitro culture in fennel different genotypes for mass production

Abstract

To determine the best growing conditions for in vitro culture of different genotypes of fennel to mass production, we compared different explants in various culture mediums for eight fennel genotype groups. Based on completely randomized plan, factorial experiment was done with four replications. Leaf, petiole, hypocotyl and root explants were isolated for 20 days, and seedlings were cultured on callus induction medium, 1/2 MS basal medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (2, 4 and 6 mg l -1 ) and 6-benzyaminopurine (BAP) (0.5, 0.25 and 0.1 mg l -1 ) combination. Color, Size, Percentage of callus induction, dry and fresh weight and Volume of callus were evaluated 3 month later. Through most of the genotypes, Hypocotyls and petiole explants in callus induction were better than the others. Callus induction mediums with 6 mgl -1 2-4-D and BAP combinations had more appropriate responses. Leaf explants showed the highest callus size in the German genotype in callus induction medium with 4mgl -1 2-4-D and 0.1mgl -1 BAP. Embryogenic calli were placed on regeneration medium with 1/2MS of a non-hormonal treatment and hormonal treatment with a level of 2-4-D (10 mgl -1 ) and two levels of BAP (2 and 5 mgl -1 ). The medium without hormones was recognized as the best medium for regeneration and hypocotyl and petiole had the highest rate of regeneration. Respectively, Tabriz and Gonabad genotypes were shown highest and lowest rate of regeneration.