A survey of the production and use of animal manures in England and Wales. III. Cattle manures

Smith, K. A.; Brewer, A.; Crabb, J.; Dauven, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2001.tb00012.x

Cited by 72 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Poultry and pigs tend to be distributed more toward the center and eastern side of the country, respectively. Furthermore, a large proportion of the samples collected were of cattle manure because cattle generate over 77% (wt/wt) of the livestock waste in the United Kingdom (15,25). Prevalences and levels of E. coli O157 and Listeria showed significant differences between different subsets of grouped ranges of easterly coordinates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A likely explanation for this apparent contradiction was that most farms do not manage their waste stores as batch operations. In reality, most stores are subject to constant additions of waste (Table 2) (25,26) and, thus, potentially, continual additions of pathogens. Such practices have implications for food safety because there were no significant differences between the pathogen levels in stores containing wastes that were designated 1 to 3 months old and those of 6 to 9 months of age.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses of fresh wastes collected from the pen or house where they were deposited were subject to similar problems as those encountered for stored samples regarding the age of the waste samples. In keeping with the classification established by Smith et al (25,26), samples were designated as fresh if they had not been moved from the housing where they were deposited. We were able to obtain accurate records of when the livestock housing was last cleared of all fecal material (16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of Livestock Production, Waste Storage, and Pathogen Levels and Prevalences in Farm Manures

Hutchison¹,

Walters²,

Avery³

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

190

145

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Survey results describing the levels and prevalences of zoonotic agents in 1,549 livestock waste samples were analyzed for significance with livestock husbandry and farm waste management practices. Statistical analyses of survey data showed that livestock groups containing calves of <3 months of age, piglets, or lambs had higher prevalences and levels of Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli O157 in their wastes. Younger calves that were still receiving milk, however, had significantly lower levels and prevalence of E. coli O157. Furthermore, when wastes contained any form of bedding, they had lowered prevalences and levels of both pathogenic Listeria spp. and Campylobacter spp. Livestock wastes generated by stock consuming a diet composed principally of grass were less likely to harbor E. coli O157 or Salmonella spp. Stocking density did not appear to influence either the levels or prevalences of bacterial pathogens. Significant seasonal differences in prevalences were detected in cattle wastes; Listeria spp. were more likely to be isolated in March to June, and E. coli O157 was more likely to be found in May and June. Factors such as livestock diet and age also had significant influence on the levels and prevalences of some zoonotic agents in livestock wastes. A number of the correlations identified could be used as the basis of a best-practice disposal document for farmers, thereby lowering the microbiological risks associated with applying manures of contaminated livestock to land.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analyses of Livestock Production, Waste Storage, and Pathogen Levels and Prevalences in Farm Manures

Hutchison¹,

Walters²,

Avery³

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

190

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Plowing under organic fertilizers in autumn is a common method of their application (Smith et al, 2001). However, the results of some authors (Hansen et al, 2004) show that spring application of organic fertilizers, due to better synchronization of crops needs and the release of nutrients has a greater impact on crop yield in the year of application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mulch type and application of manure and composts in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) production: impact on soil fertility and yield

Čabilovski

Manojlović

Bogdanović

et al. 2014

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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The objective of this research was to quantify the effect of the application of organic fertilizers: farmyard manure, vermicompost, spent mushroom compost, under two different ground cover management systems (black polyethylene and wheat straw mulch) on soil nutrient levels and strawberry yield during a two-year production cycle. The application of organic fertilizers, in the amounts equivalent to 170 kg ha -1 N, had the greatest impact on the concentration of available phosphorus, which was significantly higher on fertilized plots than on the control even two years after the application. The plots fertilized with farmyard manure and mushroom compost had higher concentrations of available potassium than the control, while the application of vermicompost did not affect the concentration of available potassium in the soil. The application of composts did not affect the concentration of available microelements in the soil, while the concentrations of Fe, Zn and Cu in the year of the organic fertilizers application were significantly higher on farmyard manure fertilized plots than on the control. The application of all three organic fertilizers had a significant effect on the mineral N concentration in the soil only in the year of the application and the following spring. However, the plots covered with polyethylene mulch had a higher mineral N concentration than the control at all sampling times. The concentration of available microelements was significantly higher in soil covered with black polyethylene mulch than in soil covered with straw mulch. Preplant application of organic fertilizers led to increase of yield, ranging from 14.3% in vermicompost treatmet to 17.3% in the farmyard manure treatment in relation to the control, only in the 1 st fruiting year. However, the application of polyethylene mulch facilitated a higher strawberry yield than straw mulch in both fruiting years.

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“…Manures are even greater sources of pathogens than human wastes because masses of manure applied are greater than the sewage sludge (Moss et al, 2002). Most of the farmers spread manure directly onto their land, either because of lack of storage space or for greater convenience (Smith et al, 2000;Smith et al, 2001). Application of fresh manure onto agricultural land significantly increases the risk of microorganisms transfer to food chain, because temporary storage may help to decrease the number of pathogens (Nicholson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Risk Of Pathogen Spread From Pretreated Bio-wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spreading of Bio-wastes onto Soil Surfaces to Control Pathogens: Human Health and Environmental Consequences

Ahmad¹,

Elbasit²,

Butt³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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Thousands of tons of animal and human wastes are produced every day across the globe. Their continuous use as fertilizers or soil amendments on agricultural lands has raised severe health and environmental concerns. Incorporating bio-wastes into the soil is one of the best management strategies to control the run-off of nutrients from the soil surface and, in turn, protect freshwater. However, exposing bio-waste to sunlight in the field is considered to be one of the most cost-effective methods to control pathogens. Considering the differences among different bio-waste management strategies, there is a need for a review of the current knowledge on the practice of spreading bio-wastes onto the soil surface. Specifically, this information would help us to better understand the fate of pathogens upon their exposure to the open environment, how the presence of bio-waste on the soil surface can threaten humans and the environment, and the costs and benefits of surface-applied bio-wastes. Current review of the literature revealed a lack of understanding of the factors responsible for killing pathogens on the soil surface. More than 150 pathogens (including different viruses, bacteria, protozoan and helminth) have been reported to be present in different bio-wastes, but the majority of studies have focused on a few common pathogens. Similarly, over the last decade, each year at least 1 new pathogen is being reported which can threat public health but there is a paucity of knowledge concerning the fate of pathogens under field conditions. Similarly, the techniques used for the detection of pathogens were found to be variable and inconclusive, making it difficult to compare the results of different studies. Therefore, given that the tools for the evaluation of pathogens have serious limitations and the survival characteristics of many (old and emerging) pathogens are yet to be discovered, the spreading of bio-wastes (treated or untreated) onto the soil surface (i.e., unincorporated) may not only further increase the threat for human health but also further aggravate the environment.

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A survey of the production and use of animal manures in England and Wales. III. Cattle manures

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Analyses of Livestock Production, Waste Storage, and Pathogen Levels and Prevalences in Farm Manures

Analyses of Livestock Production, Waste Storage, and Pathogen Levels and Prevalences in Farm Manures

Mulch type and application of manure and composts in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) production: impact on soil fertility and yield

Spreading of Bio-wastes onto Soil Surfaces to Control Pathogens: Human Health and Environmental Consequences

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