A survey of Tourette syndrome patients and their families: the 1987 Ohio Tourette Survey

Bornstein, Robert A.; STEFL, MARY E.; Hammond, L

doi:10.1176/jnp.2.3.275

Cited by 65 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Consistent with previous survey studies, medication was a frequently reported treatment for tics among young people [9,10] and risperidone, clonidine and aripiprazole were the three most commonly reported drugs [11]. Some young people and parents had positive perceptions of medication.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Medication is the most common form of treatment for tics [9,10], particularly risperidone, clonidine and aripiprazole, among children and adolescents [11]. Behavioural interventions for tics such as habit reversal are used more rarely [10] although current clinical guidelines recommend that behavioural interventions for tics are given as a first-line treatment [12-14] and medication when tics are severe and distressing [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Perceptions of treatment for tics among young people with Tourette syndrome and their parents: a mixed methods study

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTourette syndrome (TS) among young people is associated with psychosocial difficulties and parents play an important role in the management of the condition. Clinical guidelines have been developed for the treatment of TS and tics, but little is known about how young people and their parents perceive their treatment options or their desired outcomes of treatment. The aim of this study is to explore perceptions of treatments for tics among young people with TS and their parents.MethodsIn-depth interviews with 42 young people with TS and a mixed-methods, online survey of 295 parents of young people with TS. Participant recruitment was conducted through Tourettes Action (TA): a non-profit UK organisation for the support of people with TS. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and responses to survey open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis. Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data from the parents’ survey and qualitative data from the interviews with young people was used to increase the validity and depth of the findings.ResultsA strong theme was the perception that health professionals have limited knowledge of TS and its treatment. Medication was a common treatment for tics and both young people and parents described benefits of medication. However, adverse effects were frequently described and these were a common reason for stopping medication among young people. Aripiprazole was viewed most positively. Access to behavioural interventions for tics was limited and 76% of parents wanted this treatment to be available for their child. Some young people had reservations about the effectiveness or practicality of behavioural interventions. Reduction and abolition of tics were desired outcomes of treatment, but both parents and young people also identified the importance of increasing control over tics and reducing anxiety-related symptoms. For young people, managing the urge to tic was an important outcome of treatment.ConclusionsThe results suggest a need for more training in the identification and management of TS and wider availability of behavioural treatments. Clinical trials could explore the effectiveness of Aripiprazole used in combination with psycho-educational interventions to reduce anxiety and promote a sense of control.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0430-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of treatment for tics among young people with Tourette syndrome and their parents: a mixed methods study

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, most studies did not control for comorbid ADHD [26]. Neither children [27]–[29], nor adults [30] with GTS show deficits in simple motor speed tasks but both display deficits in fine motor skill tasks requiring visuo-motor integration [27]–[30]. Although it has already been shown that deficits in fine motor skills in childhood can predict tic severity in adult GTS patients [5], there are no published studies investigating long-term consolidation of motor skills (or lack thereof) in GTS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Synaptic Plasticity in Tourette's Syndrome and Its Relationship to Motor Skill Learning

Brandt

Niessen²,

Ganos

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics that can be considered motor responses to preceding inner urges. It has been shown that Tourette patients have inferior performance in some motor learning tasks and reduced synaptic plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. However, it has not been investigated whether altered synaptic plasticity is directly linked to impaired motor skill acquisition in Tourette patients. In this study, cortical plasticity was assessed by measuring motor-evoked potentials before and after paired associative stimulation in 14 Tourette patients (13 male; age 18–39) and 15 healthy controls (12 male; age 18–33). Tic and urge severity were assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and the Premonitory Urges for Tics Scale. Motor learning was assessed 45 minutes after inducing synaptic plasticity and 9 months later, using the rotary pursuit task. On average, long-term potentiation-like effects in response to the paired associative stimulation were present in healthy controls but not in patients. In Tourette patients, long-term potentiation-like effects were associated with more and long-term depression-like effects with less severe urges and tics. While motor learning did not differ between patients and healthy controls 45 minutes after inducing synaptic plasticity, the learning curve of the healthy controls started at a significantly higher level than the Tourette patients' 9 months later. Induced synaptic plasticity correlated positively with motor skills in healthy controls 9 months later. The present study confirms previously found long-term improvement in motor performance after paired associative stimulation in healthy controls but not in Tourette patients. Tourette patients did not show long-term potentiation in response to PAS and also showed reduced levels of motor skill consolidation after 9 months compared to healthy controls. Moreover, synaptic plasticity appears to be related to symptom severity.

show abstract

“…A host of studies have documented that feelings of anxiety increased the severity of tics (Bornstein et al, 1990; O’Connor et al, 1994; Silva et al, 1995) and premonitory urges (Rozenman et al, 2015) in TS patients. In particular, anxiety has been recently shown to trigger “tic attacks”, episodic bouts of severe, continuous and non-suppressible tics, in a subset of TS patients (Robinson and Hedderly, 2016).…”

Section: Contextual and Emotional Triggers As Exacerbating Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, rich empirical evidence indicates that the severity of tics and associated symptoms increases in the presence of physical and psychological stress (Robertson et al, 2002; O’Connor et al, 2003; Eapen et al, 2004). Indeed, multiple surveys have shown an association between stressful life events and greater severity/earlier onset of tic disorders (Bornstein et al, 1990; Steinberg et al, 2013). This relationship was confirmed by longitudinal studies, which documented that cumulative psychosocial stress predicts for future severity of tics (Lin et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes you tic? Translational approaches to study the role of stress and contextual triggers in Tourette syndrome

Godar¹,

Bortolato

2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by multiple, recurring motor and phonic tics. Rich empirical evidence shows that the severity of tics and associated manifestations is increased by several stressors and contextual triggers; however, the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for symptom exacerbation in TS remain poorly understood. This conceptual gap partially reflects the high phenotypic variability in tics, as well as the existing difficulties in operationalizing and standardizing stress and its effects in a clinical setting. Animal models of TS may be highly informative tools to overcome some of these limitations; these experimental preparations have already provided critical insights on key aspects of TS pathophysiology, and may prove useful to identify the neurochemical alterations induced by different stressful contingencies. In particular, emerging knowledge on the role of contextual triggers in animal models of TS may inform the development of novel pharmacological interventions to reduce tic fluctuations in this disorder.

show abstract

A survey of Tourette syndrome patients and their families: the 1987 Ohio Tourette Survey

Cited by 65 publications

References 8 publications

Perceptions of treatment for tics among young people with Tourette syndrome and their parents: a mixed methods study

Perceptions of treatment for tics among young people with Tourette syndrome and their parents: a mixed methods study

Altered Synaptic Plasticity in Tourette's Syndrome and Its Relationship to Motor Skill Learning

What makes you tic? Translational approaches to study the role of stress and contextual triggers in Tourette syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About