A survey of trace element distribution in tissues of the dwarf sperm whale ( Kogia sima ) stranded along the South Carolina coast from 1990–2011

Reed, Lou Ann; McFee, Wayne E.; Pennington, Paul L.; Wirth, Edward; Fulton, Michael H.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.005

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This result was consistent with data reported in the mongoose populations from four habitats in Japan (Horai et al 2006;Watanabe et al, 2010) In the case of humans, it is known that Cd exists mainly in the kidney (Underwood, 1975). In some terrestrial mammals (Fritsch et al, 2010;Lazarus et al, 2017), marine mammal (Watanabe et al, 1996, Capelli et al, 2008, Agusa et al, 2011Reed et al 2015, Mahfouz et al, 2014, and avian species (Nam et al, 2005;Horai et al, 2007;Zaccaroni et al, 2011;Cui et al, 2013), the Cd accumulation was more abundant in the kidney than in the other organs and tissues. Together, distribution patterns of Mn, Fe, Cu and Cd in the liver and kidney of small Indian mongoose population from Hawaii were similar to mongooses from Japan as well as other terrestrial and marine mammals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Trace element concentrations in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) from Hawaii, USA

Horai

Nakashima

Nawada

et al. 2018

Ecological Indicators

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Sr and Mo) and toxic (As, Cd and Pb), were determined in the liver, kidney, brain, hair, muscle, and stomach contents of the small Indian mongooses inhabiting eight areas on three Hawaiian Islands, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii. There were significant differences in concentrations of some metals among the habitats. Cadmium concentrations in mongooses from the macadamia nut orchards on Island of Hawaii were relatively higher than those in populations from other seven areas. Lead concentrations in mongooses from the Ukumehame firing range were significantly higher than those from other areas. Compared to data reported in mongooses from other countries, Pb concentrations in the brain were higher in the animals from Hawaiian islands, but almost similar levels were observed in the liver and kidney. Intriguingly, brain concentrations of Pb in three specimens from the Ukumehame firing range exceeded 3.79 µg g −1 WW, which was the mean cerebral Pb level in rats that caused some toxic symptoms after administration in the previous study. Furthermore, two fetuses exhibited higher brain Pb concentrations than each of their dams. These results prompted us to consider the potential exposure and health effects of Pb derived from firing range operations on the small Indian mongoose and other animal species including human.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Trace element concentrations in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) from Hawaii, USA

Horai

Nakashima

Nawada

et al. 2018

Ecological Indicators

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“…A variety of infections caused by intracellular pathogens in cetaceans have been reported and may be associated with the mass stranding events of cetaceans ( Cvetnic et al, 2016 ; Domingo et al, 1990 ; Domingo et al, 1992 ; Dubey et al, 2007 ; Dubey et al, 2008 ; Mazzariol et al, 2016 ; Mazzariol et al, 2017 ). In addition, previous studies suggested that Ag contamination exists in all aspects of the marine ecosystem, and cetaceans may have been negatively affected by Ag contamination ( Becker et al, 1995 ; Caceres-Saez et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2017 ; Dehn et al, 2006 ; Kunito et al, 2004 ; Li et al, 2018a ; Mendez-Fernandez et al., 2014 ; Reed et al, 2015 ; Rosa et al, 2008 ; Seixas et al, 2009 ; Woshner et al, 2001 ). The direct correlation between the infection of intracellular pathogens and the severity of Ag contamination in cetaceans is worth studying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th2 cytokine bias induced by silver nanoparticles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Wang

Chang

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in many commercial products due to their excellent antibacterial ability. The AgNPs are released into the environment, gradually accumulate in the ocean, and may affect animals at high trophic levels, such as cetaceans and humans, via the food chain. Hence, the negative health impacts caused by AgNPs in cetaceans are of concern. Cytokines play a major role in the modulation of immune system and can be classified into two types: Th1 and Th2. Th1/Th2 balance can be evaluated by the ratios of their polarizing cytokines (i.e., interferon [IFN]-γ/Interleukin [IL]-4), and animals with imbalanced Th1/Th2 response may become more susceptible to certain kinds of infection. Therefore, the present study evaluated the in vitro cytokine responses of cetacean peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) to 20 nm citrate-AgNPs (C-AgNP20) by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).MethodsBlood samples were collected from six captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). The cPBMCs were isolated and utilized for evaluating the in vitro cytokine responses. The cytokines evaluated included IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The geometric means of two housekeeping genes (HKGs), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β2-microglobulin (B2M), of each sample were determined and used to normalize the mRNA expression levels of target genes.ResultsThe ratio of late apoptotic/necrotic cells of cPBMCs significantly increased with or without concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation after 24 h of 10 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment. At 4 h of culture, the mRNA expression level of IL-10 was significantly decreased with 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment. At 24 h of culture with 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20, the mRNA expression levels of all cytokines were significantly decreased, with the exceptions of IL-4 and IL-10. The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was significantly decreased at 24 h of culture with 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment, and the IL-12/IL-4 ratio was significantly decreased at 4 or 24 h of culture with 0.1 or 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of TNF-α was significantly decreased by 1 µg/ml C-AgNP20 after 24 h of culture.DiscussionThe present study demonstrated that the sublethal dose of C-AgNP20 (≤1 µg/ml) had an inhibitory effect on the cytokine mRNA expression levels of cPBMCs with the evidence of Th2 cytokine bias and significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of TNF-α. Th2 cytokine bias is associated with enhanced immunity against parasites but decreased immunity to intracellular microorganisms. TNF-α is a contributing factor for the inflammatory response against the infection of intracellular pathogens. In summary, our data indicate that C-AgNP20 suppresses the cellular immune response and thereby increases the susceptibility of cetaceans to infection by intracellular microorganisms.

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“…A comparison between chromium body distribution from dugongs and manatees allows a general pattern to be noted: higher concentrations in liver than in the kidney, which has also been shown in other marine mammals such as Kogia sima [81] or Sousa chinsis [26]. The only case where this distribution pattern was not followed and detected is that of the bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops aduncus ), which recorded higher Cr concentration in the lungs (3.2 mg/kg dw), which was even higher than in the liver (2.2 mg/kg dw) and kidney (1.2 mg/kg dw) [27].…”

Section: Trace Elements Reported In Sireniamentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Compared to other mammals, adults of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena showed a significantly higher concentration of Cr, compared to juveniles [59], on the other hand, in Kogia sima a higher concentration in males has been registered [81]. In the dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, a relationship was also found between body length and Cr concentration [82].…”

Section: Trace Elements Reported In Sireniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vighi et al [121] analysed fin whale bones ( Balaenoptera physalus) from Spain and they found higher Pb concentration in foetuses than in adult organisms, with higher concentration in developing foetuses compared to more developed foetuses, suggesting this could be because the concentrations of Pb in bones are diluted according to the foetus growth and its development. Lead concentration has also been positively related to body length in Kogia sima (liver), Phocoena phocoena (liver) and Tursiops truncatus (body length as age approximation) [32,81,122].…”

Section: Trace Elements Reported In Sireniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Cd Concentrations and Bioaccumulation in the Dugong Dugong dugon and Manatee Trichechus manatus: A Review of Body Burdens and Distribution

Núñez-Nogueira

Pérez-López

Santos-Córdova

2019

IJERPH

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The death of dozens of manatees Trichechus manatus recently in Tabasco, Mexico, has captured international attention. Speculation about possible causes include water and food contamination by metals. Although federal authorities have ruled out water chemical pollution, the cause of these deaths is still awaiting conclusive laboratory results. Present work seeks to summarize information currently available on non-essential metals and those of great toxicological relevance in Sirenia (dugongs and manatees), highlighting its body distribution, presence in blood, and its relationship with their geographical distribution, gender and age, whenever possible. This paper focuses on the five elements: As, Cr, Hg, Pb and Cd, which are commonly considered as threats for marine mammals and reported in Sirenia. Some of these metals (Cr and Cd) were thought to be related to the recent deaths in Tabasco. All five elements are accumulated by Sirenia at different levels. Metal presence is associated to their diet but does not necessarily imply adverse effects for dugongs and manatees. Toxicological aspects and the human consumption risk in case of any illegal or traditional consumption in some cultures are discussed. Important toxicological research areas that need to be addressed are highlighted.

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A survey of trace element distribution in tissues of the dwarf sperm whale ( Kogia sima ) stranded along the South Carolina coast from 1990–2011

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Trace element concentrations in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) from Hawaii, USA

Trace element concentrations in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) from Hawaii, USA

Th2 cytokine bias induced by silver nanoparticles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Cd Concentrations and Bioaccumulation in the Dugong Dugong dugon and Manatee Trichechus manatus: A Review of Body Burdens and Distribution

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