A Survey of Tractors and Rollover Protective Structures in Washington State

Spielholz, Peregrin; Sjöström, Thomas; Clark, Randy; Adams, Diane

doi:10.13031/2013.22012

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Cash crop farms in New York were identified as having the lower ROPS prevalence rates, ranging from 29% to 34%. Spielholz, Sjostrom, Clark, and Adams (2006), in a study of farming operations in the state of Washington, did not specifically provide ROPS prevalence rates by type of farm but did identify tractors used for "utility," "inside/stationary," and "tree/vine/hops" work as having ROPS prevalence rates less than 50%.…”

Section: Factors Related To the Prevalence Of Rops-equipped Tractorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the prevalence of rollover protective structures on U.S. farm tractors: 1993, 2001, and 2004

Loringer

Myers

2008

Journal of Safety Research

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Problem: Between 1992 and 2005, 1412 workers on farms died from tractor overturns. A Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) is a proven intervention to reduce overturn deaths. However, farm characteristics that are associated with the adoption of ROPS are not well understood. Methods: ROPS prevalence statistics were derived from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveys that tracked ROPS use on farms. Data were from the years 1993, 2001, and 2004. Results: In 1993, 38% of tractors were equipped with ROPS. This increased to 51% by 2004. ROPS prevalence rates were higher on farms in the Southern region of the United States, on farms where the operator was 25-34 years old, and on farms with $100,000 or more of farm sales. Low ROPS prevalence rates were associated with farm operators 65 years old or older and with farms with less than $10,000 of farm product sales. Summary: The increase in ROPS prevalence between 1993 and 2004 has not been sufficient to decrease the rate of tractor overturn deaths on farms. Incentive programs targeting older farm operators and low-income farm operations are suggested to increase ROPS use on tractors. Impact on Industry: The study provides farm characteristics associated with low ROPS prevalence rates. The results can be used to target farms for future ROPS promotion activities.

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Section: Factors Related To the Prevalence Of Rops-equipped Tractorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the prevalence of rollover protective structures on U.S. farm tractors: 1993, 2001, and 2004

Loringer

Myers

2008

Journal of Safety Research

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“…Overhead obstacles were reported as the most important reason for the operator not to install a ROPS (Spielholz et al, 2006). Working with ROPS-equipped tractors in low overhead clearance zones, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings, is difficult and in some cases impossible.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Speed on Foldable ROPS Actuation Forces

2016

J. Agric. Safety and Health

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“…ROPS installation decreases the number of fatal tractor rollover accidents. Spielholz et al (2006) reported overhead obstacles as the primary cause for operators not installing ROPS. The foldable ROPS (FROPS) has been designed to address the overhead clearance problem.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Friction on Actuation Torques of Foldable Rollover Protective Structures

Khorsandi

Ayers

2018

Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health

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Abstract. The number of fatal tractor rollover accidents with an inoperative foldable rollover protective structure (FROPS) has increased sharply in recent years. Operators frequently leave the FROPS in the folded-down position after lowering the FROPS to pass a low overhead obstacle. One possible explanation for leaving the FROPS in the folded position is that raising and lowering the FROPS is a time-consuming and strenuous process. The actuation torques required to raise and lower a FROPS are not well known and may be influenced by friction. The actuation torques of ten FROPS from four different models were measured. One model FROPS was tested on seven different vehicles, and three models were tested separately. The dynamic and static (initiation and holding) actuation torques were measured to evaluate the effect of static and kinetic friction on actuation torque. The dynamic actuation torques were measured before and after greasing the FROPS. The proposed instruction to measure the actuation torque based on OECD Code 7 was evaluated. Results showed that friction has a significant effect on the measured actuation torque and can increase the actuation torque by up to 212%. The friction varies between FROPS of the same model, which is due to variations in the manufacturing, maintenance, and age of the FROPS. The friction force could be decreased by greasing the FROPS, and decreasing the friction increased the lowering resisting torques and decreased raising torques of FROPS. The measured actuation torque based on OECD Code 7 instruction (static holding) is not a constant value. The dynamic method is recommended for measuring FROPS actuation torques. Keywords: Actuating torque, Foldable rollover protective structure, FROPS, Safety, Standards, Tractor.

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A Survey of Tractors and Rollover Protective Structures in Washington State

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Tracking the prevalence of rollover protective structures on U.S. farm tractors: 1993, 2001, and 2004

Tracking the prevalence of rollover protective structures on U.S. farm tractors: 1993, 2001, and 2004

The Effect of Speed on Foldable ROPS Actuation Forces

The Effect of Friction on Actuation Torques of Foldable Rollover Protective Structures

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