A Survey of Worldwide Spectrum Occupancy Measurement Campaigns for Cognitive Radio

Abstract

Cognitive radio is the emerging technology which provide the innovative approach to improve the spectrum utilization and alleviate the spectrum scarcity. Evaluation of the spectrum occupancy is the step toward the future deployment of cognitive radio. Worldwide several spectrum occupancy measurement campaigns have been performed at different location in context of cognitive radio. We reviewed past measurement campaigns performed by different research groups and analysis of empirical results. We further provide a spectrum occupancy measurement framework for the proposed spectrum measurement in India.

The effect of noise correlation on fractional sampling based spectrum sensing

“…From the figure, it can be observed that sensing with (20) outperforms than sensing with (19) in the presence of noise correlation. 1 More exact relation models can be acquired through measurements on the CR equipment. Figure 2 shows the sensing performance versus correlation coefficient at SNR value of -6 dB and β = 1/6 and it can be noted that with increased amount of noise correlation, the sensing with (19) decreases drastically and sensing with (20) provides better performance up to a certain value of correlation.…”

“…However, different spectrum occupancy measurement campaigns carried out at different parts of the world show that the average spectrum occupancy rate is very low [1] and it shows spatial as well as temporal variations. In this aspect, innovative techniques to exploit the opportunistic usage of underutilized spectrum are needed.…”

Secondary User Scheduling under Throughput Guarantees for the Primary Network

“…As shown through measurement campaigns, a large percentage of the available spectrum is under-utilized either temporally or spatially [2]. In this case, a primary system could share a frequency band with a secondary system which uses the resources opportunistically so that it does not degrade the primary QoS.…”

Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks : QoS Considerations

“…As such, the unlicensed bands may get heavily congested. On the other hand, several studies and measurements conducted around the world have indicated that the licensed RFS bands can be underutilized [2].…”