A Survey on Handover Management: From LTE to NR

Tayyab, Muhammad; Gelabert, Xavier; Jäntti, Riku

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2937405

Cited by 173 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Generally speaking, the overlapping area of two macro cells occupy merely a small portion of each of these macro cells . It can be expected that the most common situation for coupling macro cells is that two macro cells cover the same small cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient coordination of almost blank subframes with coupling macro cells in heterogeneous networks

Wang

Huang

2019

Int J Communication

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Heterogeneous networking is an inevitable trend in mobile communication systems, where macrocells and small cells coexist to provide the service of wireless access. The technique of enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) is popularly used to mitigate signal interference among cells. A number of subframes are picked as almost blank subframes (ABSs), during which a macro-cell base station suspends data transmissions to improve signal quality of small cells that it covers. Since the throughput of macro cells drops to zero in an ABS, how to decide the number of ABSs (ie, the ABS ratio) and their positions (ie, the ABS placement) is critical. Many studies implicitly consider that every small cell resides in only one macro cell and they manage ABSs for each individual macro cell accordingly. In practice, some macro cells may cover the same small cells (called coupling macrocells) which makes the management of their ABSs depend on each other. To address this issue, the paper proposes an efficient coordination of ABS with coupling macro cells (ECO) algorithm. It divides the network into component subnetworks depending on whether macro cells are coupling or not. Then, ECO computes the ABS ratios for the macro cells in each component subnetwork based on multiple factors, including data rate, traffic demand, and quality of service (QoS) support. Moreover, ECO jointly places the ABSs of coupling macro cells to shorten packet latency. Experimental results show that the ECO algorithm not only increases the network throughput but also reduces the loss rate of real-time data. KEYWORDS almost blank subframe (ABS), coupling macro cells, heterogeneous network, interference management Int J Commun Syst. 2020;33:e4256.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dac

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient coordination of almost blank subframes with coupling macro cells in heterogeneous networks

Wang

Huang

2019

Int J Communication

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“…Similar DC-based MM scheme is proposed in a recent work [23] where high velocity users are treated as follows. First, activate the dual cell mode so that users can get connection from both macro and micro cells.…”

Section: ) Data Split: Coward Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Connectivity-Based Mobility Management and Data Split Mechanism in 4G/5G Cellular Networks

et al. 2020

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The emerging 5G mobile network technology is envisioned to provide an efficient platform to interconnect machines, objects, and devices in addition to interconnecting people. Equipped with peak data rates, low latency, and massive capacity, 5G technology will empower new user experiences such as virtual reality and augmented reality and provide new service areas such as connecting massive IoT. Dual connectivity is an important feature where 5G systems are overlaid on the existing 4G core network. In this paper, we propose an MM (mobility management) algorithm to efficiently perform handovers between 4G and 5G RATs (radio access technologies). Our proposed MM algorithm utilizes the strength of DC (dual connectivity) for MM as DC inherently has lesser amount of handover interruption as compared to conventional hard handover. Our MM scheme suggests appropriate data split mechanism between 4G and 5G RATs based on application-specific strategy. We provide a framework based on probabilistic model checking that leverages DC and suggests strategy-based data split mechanism for a mobile user for a variety of market verticals. We model the system as MDP (Markov decision process) where a controller breaks all the nondeterminism in the MDP based on reward calculations. The proposed framework is implemented in a well known model checker and various scenarios are used to assess its applicability. INDEX TERMS 5G, 4G, mobility management, dual connectivity, split architecture, probabilistic model checking.

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“…To this end, our proposed UL RS-based HO scheme is RAT-agnostic and future proof as compared to the legacy HO procedure which doesn't scale. In fact, the legacy HO procedure in both NR and LTE follows the same principles, with only minor nomenclature differences [28]. For the performance evaluation section, however, we will compare our UL RS-based HO approach with LTE which provides the most challenging and pronounced reference scenario that our HO procedure can further optimize.…”

Section: Main Objectives and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uplink Reference Signals for Energy-Efficient Handover

et al. 2020

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The ever-growing data rate demand from cellular users increases the associated power consumption that directly contributes to the global warming of the environment. Also, achieving high system capacity by increasing the density of the base stations (BSs) increases the number of handovers (HOs) which for moderate-to-high-speed users implies significant signaling traffic overhead. One of the key research objectives of this paper is to identify the different signaling overheads occurring during the HO procedure in current 3GPP cellular networks (e.g. Long Term Evolution (LTE)/ New Radio (NR)) and, among those, which are the main contributors to power consumption. Specifically, we analyze the impact of signaling messages transmitted and received during HO on the power consumption for both the BS and the User Equipment (UE). System-level simulations are performed for a detailed quantitative analysis. Our analysis shows that the transmission of the measurement reports is the largest contributor to air-interface signaling and that its contributed total power consumption is higher than the random access channel (RACH) signaling and the signaling confirming the HO. To eliminate measurement reports and effectively reduce the power consumption associated with the HO in future networks, we propose a HO procedure that exploits uplink (UL) reference signals (RSs), namely the sounding reference signal (SRS), transmitted by UEs. The numerical results show that the proposed SRS-based method reduces the total power consumption during the HO procedure by 30% in comparison to the legacy downlink RS based measurement method in current cellular networks. Also, this method improves the UE battery lifetime by reducing the RS transmissions and measurements significantly, UE transmitted power consumption by 48% and received power consumption by 27%.

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A Survey on Handover Management: From LTE to NR

Cited by 173 publications

References 89 publications

Efficient coordination of almost blank subframes with coupling macro cells in heterogeneous networks

Efficient coordination of almost blank subframes with coupling macro cells in heterogeneous networks

Dual Connectivity-Based Mobility Management and Data Split Mechanism in 4G/5G Cellular Networks

Uplink Reference Signals for Energy-Efficient Handover

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