A Survey on Media Independent Handover (MIH) and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks have become incredibly popular due to the Internet of Things' (IoT) rapid development. IoT routing is the basis for the efficient operation of the perception-layer network. As a popular type of machine learning, reinforcement learning techniques have gained significant attention due to their successful application in the field of network communication. In the traditional Routing Protocol for lowpower and Lossy Networks (RPL) protocol, to solve the fairness of control message transmission between IoT terminals, a fair broadcast suppression mechanism, or Drizzle algorithm, is usually used, but the Drizzle algorithm cannot allocate priority. Moreover, the Drizzle algorithm keeps changing its redundant constant k value but never converges to the optimal value of k. To address this problem, this paper uses a combination based on reinforcement learning (RL) and trickle timer. This paper proposes an RL Intelligent Adaptive Trickle-Timer Algorithm (RLATT) for routing optimization of the IoT awareness layer. RLATT has triple-optimized the trickle timer algorithm. To verify the algorithm's effectiveness, the simulation is carried out on Contiki operating system and compared with the standard trickling timer and Drizzle algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm performs better in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), power consumption, network convergence time, and total control cost ratio.

Algorithm for seamless vertical handover in heterogeneous mobile networks

“…In this simulation, more attention towards the session rejection due to unavailable resources as handover failure factor is considered. Therefore, we compare our proposed algorithm performance with previous works found in the literature [34,35] (e.g., [2,7]) which are content only with selecting one RAT for the checking resources.…”

“…In a previous work [34], we classified the VHO approaches proposed in the literature into four categories based on MIH and IMS frameworks (MIH based VHO category, IMS based VHO category, MIP under IMS based VHO category and, MIH and IMS combination based VHO category) in order to present their objectives in providing seamless VHO. It has been concluded in [34] that MIH is more flexible and has better performance providing seamless VHO compared with IMS framework; hence, the majority of approaches in the literature were based on MIH framework.…”

“…It has been concluded in [34] that MIH is more flexible and has better performance providing seamless VHO compared with IMS framework; hence, the majority of approaches in the literature were based on MIH framework.…”

Handover Based IMS Registration Scheme for Next Generation Mobile Networks

“…Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) [15] and Fast MIPv6 (FMIPv6) in IMS solve mobility and latency problems. Media Independent Handover (MIH) [16] is also exploited to get mobility information of target network for preregistration in many schemes in order to reduce latency of layer 2 mobility. But none of the above methods provided the solution for authentication and authorization of entities needed in IMS registration after handover.…”

An Overview of Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm

“…As the popularity of mobile wireless networks increases as well the challenges of merging a various number of wireless networks increases. Everyone around the world likes to have the best services through best network [11]. Therefore, the aim of NGWNs is to provide a good quality of services between various access networks [24].…”