A Survey on Physical Layer Security for FSO Communication Systems

Shakir, Wafaa Mohammed Ridha; Abdulkareem, Ruwaida

doi:10.4108/eai.7-9-2021.2314809

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In Fig. 3, two normalized jitter values (𝜎 Q ∕ 𝑎, 𝜎 p ∕ 𝑎) = {(2, 1), (7,9)} are considered to carefully analyze how 𝑇 → 𝑅 links are affected by generalized pointing errors. As seen from Fig.…”

Section: A Intercept Probability Based On Tas Opportunistic Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, physical layer security (PLS) is emerging as a 2 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < promising secure wireless communications paradigm relying on exploiting the physical characteristics of wireless channels for protection against eavesdropping attacks. Contrary to the cryptographic techniques with highly complex encryption methods, which require more processing resources for encryption and decryption and increase the latency imposed, PLS takes advantage of the inherent randomness of wireless channels to secure communications between legitimate peers [8], [9]. PLS can be considered the most secure method of communication since security in this context is provable (in the information-theoretic sense).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Opportunistic Schedule Selection for Multiuser MIMO FSO Communications: A Security- Reliability Trade-Off Perspective

Shakir

Charafeddine²,

Satai³

et al. 2023

IEEE Photonics J.

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The security and reliability of free space optical (FSO) communications and the trade-off between the two are the most critical characteristics to emphasize in FSO systems, especially as optical wireless communications continue to evolve. In this work, we investigate the impact of opportunistic transmit aperture selection (TAS) on the security-reliability trade-off (SRT) of the multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) free space optical system. We consider a general scenario in which the FSO system consists of a transmitter side with 𝑲 users and a single receiver with 𝑵 apertures communicating over generalized Malaga-M turbulence channels. We derive the TAS combined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distributions for the FSO MIMO channel between the transmitting users and the receiver. A statistical analysis of the TAS scheme is performed, where the 𝒌th best user with the highest SNR is selected. Based on this analysis, the closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average bit error rate, intercept probability, and SRT are derived. Then, the diversity advantages provided by the channel variations considering the atmospheric turbulence and generalized nonzero boresight pointing errors are further discussed. The results show that the considered TAS significantly improves the security, reliability, and SRT performance and has the potential to solve existing FSO communication problems. Monte Carlo simulations are used to verify the correctness of the numerical results.

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Section: A Intercept Probability Based On Tas Opportunistic Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic Schedule Selection for Multiuser MIMO FSO Communications: A Security- Reliability Trade-Off Perspective

Shakir

Charafeddine²,

Satai³

et al. 2023

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…Average probability of error of EGC-DCSK is given as (19) where P eEGC−DCSK (γ ) is given in (15). The PDF of γ as defined in (4), is used to determine the PDF of γ EGC . Then using the methodology in [45], the PDF of SNR for EGC system can be approximated as…”

Section: Error Performance Analysis a Egc-dcskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers are working on physical layer security of the FSO system and employing different methods to enhance security of the systems [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]. In [5], authors analysed physical layer security (PLS) performance of FSO system using partially coherent beam (PCB) under the combined effect of strong turbulence and eavesdropper's location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Differential Chaos Shift Keying in Free Space Optical Communication With Diversity Techniques

et al. 2023

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This paper explores the performance of a single input multiple output (SIMO) free space optical (FSO) communication system using differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) with diversity combining techniques. Specifically, the paper presents the use of maximal ratio combining (MRC), equal gain combining (EGC), and selection combining (SC) diversity techniques for the DCSK-FSO system. Adding chaos to FSO systems using diversity can significantly improve the reliability and the system performance, making them a promising option for various 5G/6G wireless applications. The inherent properties of chaos, such as security, wide band nature, and immunity to fading, make it an attractive option for FSO communication. The Gamma-Gamma turbulence model was used to characterize the FSO link, and the system's performance was analyzed in terms of bit error probability across varying atmospheric turbulence levels, link lengths, and numbers of receivers. The results indicate that under the same system conditions, MRC/EGC performs 2-4 dB better in terms of error probability than the SC diversity technique. Furthermore, the SIMO-DCSK-FSO system presents a substantial improvement in diversity gain, with around 30 dB for moderate turbulence and 37 dB for strong turbulence.

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“…transmitted for several kilometers, although the performance of the FSO link degrades significantly when the transmission distance exceeds one kilometer due to environmental effects [6]. In general, FSO communication is more secure than RF communication because the laser beam has a line-ofsight (LOS) nature and high directivity [2]. However, since the laser beam experiences divergence at the receiving end due to light diffraction, the relatively close location of the eavesdropper with respect to the legitimate receiver in the divergence area can cause serious security flaws [7], [8], [9], [10], [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Security-Reliability Tradeoff Analysis for Multiuser FSO Communications over a Generalized Channel

Shakir

Charafeddine²,

Hamdan

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The security-reliability tradeoff (SRT) in free-space optical (FSO) communications is the most critical property to highlight, especially with respect to the development of wireless optical communications. In this paper, opportunistic scheduling selection techniques are used to improve the SRT of multiuser FSO systems under the combined influence of atmospheric turbulence with Fisher-Snedecor F distribution, generalized pointing error, and path losses due to foggy weather. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless optical propagation, the optical transmission from the transmitting users to the legitimate receiver can be easily intercepted by eavesdroppers. Therefore, an optimal user scheduling (OUS) scheme is proposed in this work to protect the legitimate wireless transmission from eavesdroppers, where a user with the highest secrecy capacity is scheduled to transmit his confidential information to the receiver. Closed-form expressions for the outage probability, interception probability, and SRT are derived for the conventional round-robin scheduling (RRS) and the proposed OUS. In addition, an asymptotic analysis for the outage probability, interception probability, and SRT is performed to provide insight into the impact of user scheduling on the system performance. We also propose the use of ''friendly jamming'' techniques, where the user with the lowest secrecy capacity is selected by the authorized receiver to jam the existing interceptor. Finally, another SRT is formulated to determine the impact of a friendly jammer on the secrecy performance of the system. The results show that the proposed OUS outperforms the RRS in terms of intercept probability and SRT performance. The obtained exact and asymptotic results are validated by Monte-Carlo simulations.

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A Survey on Physical Layer Security for FSO Communication Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Opportunistic Schedule Selection for Multiuser MIMO FSO Communications: A Security- Reliability Trade-Off Perspective

Opportunistic Schedule Selection for Multiuser MIMO FSO Communications: A Security- Reliability Trade-Off Perspective

Performance Analysis of Differential Chaos Shift Keying in Free Space Optical Communication With Diversity Techniques

Security-Reliability Tradeoff Analysis for Multiuser FSO Communications over a Generalized Channel

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