Abstract:Musicians are at risk of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD) with incidence ranging from approximately 30% to 90% in the shoulder-arm-hand region and within the spine. Pianists are one of the high risk groups of PRMD due to the nature of playing posture and practice habits. The number of pianists in Malaysia has increased significantly due to the growth of music programmes in tertiary institutions. Although extensive research has been carried out into PRMD for decades, investigation of PRMD among … Show more
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