A Survey on Secure Communication Protocols for IoT Systems

Dragomir, Dan; Gheorghe, Laura; Costea, Sergiu; Radovici, Alexandru

doi:10.1109/siot.2016.012

Cited by 82 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The model is agnostic about the communication protocol serving edge devices: therefore, it is the responsibility of the designer to address a stack that guarantees a suitable level of security. In 2016, Dan Dragomir et al [20] listed fifteen of them, each with specific security issues and solutions. It is an extremely active research front with new results continuously appearing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stateless IoT

Ciuffoletti

2020

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Energy consumption is a relevant matter in the design of IoT applications. Edge units—sensors and actuators—save energy by operating intermittently. When idle, they suspend their operation, losing the content of the onboard memory. Their internal state, needed to resume their work, is recorded on external storage: in the end, their internal operation is stateless. The backend infrastructure does not follow the same design principle: concentrators, routers, and servers are always-on devices that frustrate the energy-saving operation of edge devices. In this paper, we show how serverless functions, asynchronously invoked by the stateless edge devices, are an energy-saving option. We introduce a basic model for system operation and energy footprint evaluation. To demonstrate its soundness, we study a simple use case, from the design to a prototype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stateless IoT

Ciuffoletti

2020

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“…Security remains one of the most important challenges as pointed out by a large number of research papers [13,20,61,[112][113][114][115][116]. Related to security, we focus here on application layer, where it is also necessary to understand the communication challenges related to performance factors such as latency, overhead and packet loss.…”

Section: Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things and Related Challenges of Fog and Cloud Computing Integration

et al. 2019

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The fast increment in the number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is accelerating the research on new solutions to make cloud services scalable. In this context, the novel concept of fog computing as well as the combined fog-to-cloud computing paradigm is becoming essential to decentralize the cloud, while bringing the services closer to the end-system. This paper surveys on the application layer communication protocols to fulfill the IoT communication requirements, and their potential for implementation in fog-and cloud-based IoT systems. To this end, the paper first briefly presents potential protocol candidates, including request-reply and publish-subscribe protocols. After that, the paper surveys these protocols based on their main characteristics, as well as the main performance issues, including latency, energy consumption and network throughput. These findings are thereafter used to place the protocols in each segment of the system (IoT, fog, cloud), and thus opens up the discussion on their choice, interoperability and wider system integration. The survey is expected to be useful to system architects and protocol designers when choosing the communication protocols in an integrated IoT-to-fog-to-cloud system architecture. Continuous innovations in hardware, software and connection solutions in the last decade have lead to the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the number of connected devices growing by the day [1] [2]. The huge amount of data generated by these devices require to find a proper system architecture able to both process and store all the data. While cloud-based architectures are being currently used for that purpose, the new fog computing paradigm is envisioned to scale and optimize the IoT infrastructures [3]. Examples of the cloud-based IoT solutions have been proposed in [4], [5], [6] and a detailed analysis of properties for IoT cloud providers has been conducted in [7]. These studies have shown that cloud computing has the potential to satisfy many IoT requirements, such as monitoring of services, powerful processing of sensor data streams and visualization tasks. On the other hand, fog-based solutions are suited to address real-time processing, fast data response, and latency issues, thus extending the cloud capabilities closer to the edge of the network [8]. Among many factors that will determine the performance in a combined IoT, fog and cloud computing paradigm, the application layer communication, which in turn depends on the selected communication protocols, is one of the main ones.Despite the popularity and wide spread usage of HTTP, the currently used protocols in various domains of IoT, fog and cloud domains are de-facto fragmented with many different solutions. This is due to the different requirements and areas that IoT needs to cover, combining the functionalities of sensors, actuators and computing power with security, connectivity and a myriad of other features. As a result, there is no common agreement on the reference architecture or adopted standards of co...

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“…They elaborated on specific shortcomings and vulnerabilities and showed how these issues have been addressed by the respective protocol throughout its development. In the same year, Dragomir et al [88] focused on the security aspects of IoT protocols, including ZigBee and Thread, as specified by standardization bodies and industry alliances. In addition, the authors of [89] investigated smart home security under the prism of existing standards and mechanisms, including ZigBee, BLE, and Z-Wave.…”

Section: Group IImentioning

confidence: 99%

A State-of-the-Art Review on the Security of Mainstream IoT Wireless PAN Protocol Stacks

Kambourakis

Kolias²,

Geneiatakis³

et al. 2020

Symmetry

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Protocol stacks specifically designed for the Internet of Things (IoT) have become commonplace. At the same time, security and privacy concerns regarding IoT technologies are also attracting significant attention given the risks that are inherently associated with the respective devices and their numerous applications, ranging from healthcare, smart homes, and cities, to intelligent transportation systems and industrial automation. Considering the still heterogeneous nature of the majority of IoT protocols, a major concern is to find common references for investigating and analyzing their security and privacy threats. To this end, and on top of the current literature, this work provides a comprehensive, vis-à-vis comparison of the security aspects of the thus far most widespread IoT Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) protocols, namely BLE, Z-Wave, ZigBee, Thread, and EnOcean. A succinct but exhaustive review of the relevant literature from 2013 up to now is offered as a side contribution.

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A Survey on Secure Communication Protocols for IoT Systems

Cited by 82 publications

References 30 publications

Stateless IoT

Stateless IoT

A Survey of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things and Related Challenges of Fog and Cloud Computing Integration

A State-of-the-Art Review on the Security of Mainstream IoT Wireless PAN Protocol Stacks

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