A survey on security, privacy and anonymity in legal distribution of copyrighted multimedia content over peer-to-peer networks

Qureshi, Amna; Rifà-Pous, Helena; Jiménez, David Megías

doi:10.7238/in3wps.v0i0.1890

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Afghanistan, characterized by (semi)arid climate, suffers from periodic droughts [ Qureshi , 2002]. Two intense droughts hit Afghanistan in the years 1970–1971 and 2000–2001, which were more severe than any other years [ Alim and Shobair , 2002].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global monthly water stress: 2. Water demand and severity of water stress

Wada

Beek

Viviroli

et al. 2011

Water Resources Research

424

403

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[1] This paper assesses global water stress at a finer temporal scale compared to conventional assessments. To calculate time series of global water stress at a monthly time scale, global water availability, as obtained from simulations of monthly river discharge from the companion paper, is confronted with global monthly water demand. Water demand is defined here as the volume of water required by users to satisfy their needs. Water demand is calculated for the benchmark year of 2000 and contrasted against blue water availability, reflecting climatic variability over the period . Despite the use of the single benchmark year with monthly variations in water demand, simulated water stress agrees well with long-term records of observed water shortage in temperate, (sub)tropical, and (semi)arid countries, indicating that on shorter (i.e., decadal) time scales, climatic variability is often the main determinant of water stress. With the monthly resolution the number of people experiencing water scarcity increases by more than 40% compared to conventional annual assessments that do not account for seasonality and interannual variability. The results show that blue water stress is often intense and frequent in densely populated regions (e.g., India, United States, Spain, and northeastern China). By this method, regions vulnerable to infrequent but detrimental water stress could be equally identified (e.g., southeastern United Kingdom and northwestern Russia).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%