A survey on static and quasi-static finite element models of the human cervical spine

Suarez-Escobar, Marian; Rendón-Vélez, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/s12008-017-0431-y

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…This calibration was necessary to create a modelling methodology, in order for it to be used in other studies, allowing a direct comparison between studies. The multitudes of unvalidated and uncalibrated modelling methodologies and models available in the literature [ 37 ] make the comparisons difficult between studies, thereby rendering the drawing of broader conclusions a challenging task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the popularity of this method, many different spine modelling procedures are described in the literature. These vary widely in terms of geometry description, boundary conditions and load application, rendering direct comparisons between different studies a difficult task [ 15 , 16 , 36 , 37 ]. A calibrated and validated FE modelling framework, with material properties appropriate to the loading rate, is thus necessary in order to standardise the FE modelling procedures and to allow a more realistic representation of bone behaviour in such extreme loading scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Modelling Methodology Which Predicts the Structural Behaviour of Vertebral Bodies under Axial Impact Loading: A Finite Element and DIC Study

2020

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Cervical spine injuries (CSIs) arising from collisions are uncommon in contact sports, such as rugby union, but their consequences can be devastating. Several FE modelling approaches are available in the literature, but a fully calibrated and validated FE modelling framework for cervical spines under compressive dynamic-impact loading is still lacking and material properties are not adequately calibrated for such events. This study aimed to develop and validate a methodology for specimen-specific FE modelling of vertebral bodies under impact loading. Thirty-five (n = 35) individual vertebral bodies (VBs) were dissected from porcine spine segments, potted in bone cement and μCT scanned. A speckle pattern was applied to the anterior faces of the bones to allow digital image correlation (DIC), which monitored the surface displacements. Twenty-seven (n = 27) VBs were quasi-statically compressively tested to a load up to 10 kN from the cranial side. Specimen-specific FE models were developed for fourteen (n = 14) of the samples in this group. The material properties were optimised based on the experimental load-displacement data using a specimen-specific factor (kGSstatic) to calibrate a density to Young’s modulus relationship. The average calibration factor arising from this group was calculated (K¯GSstatic) and applied to a control group of thirteen (n = 13) samples. The resulting VB stiffnesses was compared to experimental findings. The final eight (n = 8) VBs were subjected to an impact load applied via a falling mass of 7.4kg at a velocity of 3.1ms−1. Surface displacements and strains were acquired from the anterior VB surface via DIC, and the impact load was monitored with two load cells. Specimen-specific FE models were created for this dynamic group and material properties were assigned again based on the density–Young’s modulus relationship previously validated for static experiments, supplemented with an additional factor (KGSdynamic). The optimised conversion factor for quasi-static loading, K¯GSstatic, had an average of 0.033. Using this factor, the validation models presented an average numerical stiffness value 3.72% greater than the experimental one. From the dynamic loading experiments, the value for KGSdynamic was found to be 0.14, 4.2 times greater than K¯GSstatic. The average numerical stiffness was 2.3% greater than in the experiments. Almost all models presented similar stiffness variations and regions of maximum displacement to those observed via DIC. The developed FE modelling methodology allowed the creation of models which predicted both static and dynamic behaviour of VBs. Deformation patterns on the VB surfaces were acquired from the FE models and compared to DIC data, achieving high agreement. This methodology is now validated to be fully applied to create whole cervical spine models to simulate axial impact scenarios replicating rugby collision events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Modelling Methodology Which Predicts the Structural Behaviour of Vertebral Bodies under Axial Impact Loading: A Finite Element and DIC Study

2020

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“…16 The IVD comprises the annulus ground material, annulus fibrosis, and nucleus pulposus. 17 The facet joints are composed of two articular processes (superior and inferior), the space between them is assumed to be 0.5 mm, and the coefficient of friction between the articular process is 0.01. 18 Six major types of spinal ligaments were considered: the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), the supraspinous ligament (SSL), the interspinous ligament (ISL), the capsular ligament (CL), the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), and the ligament flavum (LF).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical analysis of single- and double-level cervical disc arthroplasty using finite element modeling

Rahman

Jiang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Recently, many different types of artificial discs have been introduced to persevere the biomechanical behavior of the cervical spine. This study compares the biomechanical behavior of single- and double-level cervical disc arthroplasty, that is “Prestige LP and Mobi-C” on the index and adjacent segment. A three-dimension finite element model of C2-C7 was developed and validated. In single-level prostheses, the Prestige LP or Mobi-C was implanted in the segment C5-C6, while the double-level arthroplasty was integrated at both segments C4-C5 and C5-C6 in the FE model. The intact FE and prosthesis-modified models were constrained from the inferior endplate of the vertebra C7 and applied a compressive load of 73.6 N with a moment load of 1 Nm on the odontoid process of the vertebra C2 to produce flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. The prosthesis-modified model’s range of motion and intradiscal pressure were determined and compared to the intact model. Also examined the impact of the prostheses on the stress at the bone-implant interface. The range of motion of the implanted segments in both single- and double-levels arthroplasty was increased while that of the adjacent segment of implanted segments decreased. The intradiscal pressure in both levels of arthroplasty was greater than in the intact model. In conclusion, Mobi-C’s cervical prostheses could better preserve the normal range of motion and maintain intradiscal pressure than the Prestige LP.

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“…The second region is named as a thoracic vertebra consists of 12 vertebrae (T1-T12) associated to the chest zone. Thoracic vertebra helps to link two ribs with each other and limits their movement [5]. Third region is the lumbar region consists of five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D modeling of human spine and the cobb angle measurement in scoliosis patients

Yang¹,

Baqir²,

Kashif³

et al. 2021

J Clin Images Med Case Rep

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Scoliosis is a disease caused by the abnormal curvature of spine. Generally, curvature above 10 degrees is considered as a scoliosis. About 2-4% of the world population is affected by this disease. Therefore, there is a need for such a tool that can help surgeons and bioengineers to study the behavior of a spine under various conditions. Considering the engineering perspectives, it is necessary to understand the fundamental anatomy of the human spine and pathological techniques associated with the orthopedic conditions, so that better technologies can be implemented. The main objective of this work is to develop a 3D model that can simulate various orthopedic conditions associated with the change in Cobb angle. CT scans of patients are obtained from the Spine center of G. hospital, Lahore. 3D Models of actual patients are created using 3D Slicer and Radiant software. Only spine portions are extracted to understand the type of scoliosis, curvature region, and Cobb angles. The cobb angle of each of the patients is measured using Solid Works software. Considering the real data of patients, the severity level of scoliosis in the patients is discussed. Keywords: anthropometry; Cobb angles; CT scans; scoliosis; Spine deformity; vertebra.

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A survey on static and quasi-static finite element models of the human cervical spine

Cited by 10 publications

References 110 publications

A Novel Modelling Methodology Which Predicts the Structural Behaviour of Vertebral Bodies under Axial Impact Loading: A Finite Element and DIC Study

A Novel Modelling Methodology Which Predicts the Structural Behaviour of Vertebral Bodies under Axial Impact Loading: A Finite Element and DIC Study

Biomechanical analysis of single- and double-level cervical disc arthroplasty using finite element modeling

3D modeling of human spine and the cobb angle measurement in scoliosis patients

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