A survey on two years of medication regulation in horse races in Iran

Lotfollahzadeh, Samad; Mokhber-Dezfouli, Mohammad Reza; Tajik, Parviz; Bokaie, Saied; Watson, D. G.

doi:10.2746/042516409x471449

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results revealed increased respiratory rate, tachycardia and fever in both sheep and goats and lymph node enlargement solely in goats (100 %) as valid signs. A study on slaughtered sheep indicated no positive blood smears (Lotfolahzadeh et al 2010). In a study by Rosen (1997) 190-193 191 clinical signs (Rosen and Schlien 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical and cytological characteristics and prognostic implications on sheep and goat Theileria infection in north of Iran

et al. 2013

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The present research was carried out during 3 months from early June through late August, in northern zones of Iran. In addition, the present study was performed on 300 sheep and goats, in which 50 specimens were isolated based on clinical signs, blood smears and lymph node puncture. The results indicated clinical signs of theileriosis in sheep (with more prominent signs) and goats were diagnosable. The reliable clinical signs in sheep and goats included fever, tachycardia, cough, increased respiratory rate, mucosal pallor, anorexia, ruminal hypomotility and lymph node enlargement. Furthermore, the frequency of cough, abnormal pulmonary sounds, anorexia and ruminal hypomotility were significantly more in sheep than goats (P < 0.05).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical and cytological characteristics and prognostic implications on sheep and goat Theileria infection in north of Iran

et al. 2013

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“…In Taiwan, racing pigeons can turn a humble fancier into a millionaire, leading many families to the business of breeding pigeons either just for the purpose of glory of victory or with the expectation of a high economic return 3 . The likelihood of these animal athletes being administered prohibited substances is a reality 4,5 . The efforts made by organizations dedicated to the control of doping administration to animals such as the Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI), the Association of Official Racing Chemists (AORC), the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI), and the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) have certainly discouraged the administration of prohibited substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The likelihood of these animal athletes being administered prohibited substances is a reality. 4,5 The efforts made by organizations dedicated to the control of doping administration to animals such as the Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI), the Association of Official Racing Chemists (AORC), the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI), and the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) have certainly discouraged the administration of prohibited substances. The 2018 Anti-Doping and Drug Testing Program conducted by US horse racing regulatory bodies found substantial compliance with medication rules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodologies published from 1990 to 2019

Moreira

Carmo

Pinho

et al. 2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Despite the impressive innate physical abilities of horses, camels, greyhounds, or pigeons, doping agents might be administered to these animals to improve their performance. To control these illegal practices, anti‐doping analytical methodologies have been developed. This review compiles the analytical methods that have been published for the detection of prohibited substances administered to animals involved in sports over 30 years. Relevant papers meeting the search criteria that discussed analytical methods aiming to detect and/or quantify doping substances in animal biological matrices published from 1990 to 2019 were considered. A total of 317 studies were included, of which 298 were related to horses, demonstrating significant advances toward the development of doping detection methods for equine sports. However, analytical methods for the detection of doping agents in sports involving other species are lacking. Due to enhanced accuracy and specificity, chromatographic analysis coupled to mass spectrometry detection is preferred over immunoassays. Regarding biological matrices, blood and urine remain the first choice, although alternative biological matrices, such as hair and feces, have been considered. With the increasing number and type of drugs used as doping agents, the analytes addressed in the published papers are diverse. It is very important to continue to detect and quantify these drugs, recognizing those that are most frequently used, in order to punish the abusers, protect animals' health, and ensure a healthier and genuine competition.

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“…Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Verbreitungsgebiete und der spezifischen Besonderheiten der verschiedenen Mohnspezies sind regionale Unterschiede in der Exposition von Pferden gegenüber diesen Pflanzen zu erwarten. Beispielsweise lässt sich ein maßgeblicher Anteil positiver Dopingbefunde bei Sportpferden im Iran auf eine mögliche alimentäre Aufnahme des in Vorderasien weit verbreiteten Schlafmohns zurückführen (19).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Alimentäre Aufnahme von Opioid-Alkaloiden durch Pferde

Hertzsch¹,

Emmerich²,

Lachenmeier³

et al. 2015

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G

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Opioid alkaloids were identified in the urine of horses during an anti-doping control and in a case of intoxication. In both cases, it was suspected that the horses had ingested poppy-contaminated feed. To verify this suspicion, possible opioid alkaloid sources in Germany were identified through a literature research. Additionally, the contaminated feed was botanically and chemically analysed. The results indicated that both cases were most probably caused by the poppy in the feed. This highlights the previously underestimated risk of an intake of poppy-contaminated feed in horses. Recommendations are formulated for the prevention of positive doping-test results and intoxications by poppy-contaminated feeds in horses. Furthermore, a threshold for morphine in urine samples in competing horses is proposed.

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A survey on two years of medication regulation in horse races in Iran

Abstract: Morphine and caffeine were the most popular prohibited substances found in the measurements. As these substances were found in the environment and food stuffs, their presence in the samples may be due to unintentional feeding of contaminated materials (bread, hay and chocolate).

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical and cytological characteristics and prognostic implications on sheep and goat Theileria infection in north of Iran

Clinical and cytological characteristics and prognostic implications on sheep and goat Theileria infection in north of Iran

Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodologies published from 1990 to 2019

Alimentäre Aufnahme von Opioid-Alkaloiden durch Pferde

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