A Survey on Unimodal, Multimodal Biometrics and Its Fusion Techniques

Abstract

Presently, a variety of biometric modalities are applied to perform human identification or user verification. Unimodal biometric systems (UBS) is a technique which guarantees authentication information by processing distinctive characteristic sequences and these are fetched out from individuals. However, the performance of unimodal biometric systems restricted in terms of susceptibility to spoof attacks, non-universality, large intra-user variations, and noise in sensed data. The Multimodal biometric systems defeat various limitations of unimodal biometric systems as the sources of different biometrics typically compensate for the inherent limitations of one another. The objective of this article is to analyze various methods of information fusion for biometrics, and summarize, to conclude with direction on future research proficiency in a multimodal biometric system using ECG, Fingerprint and Face features. This paper is furnished as a ready reckoner for those researchers, who wish to persue their work in the area of biometrics.

A Comprehensive Survey on ECG Signals as New Biometric Modality for Human Authentication: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

“…• Universality [407]: Multimodal biometric systems tackle the non-universality problem as acquiring multiple biometric modalities can render better coverage of the population unlike the unimodal biometric system. • Liveness Detection: Unlike unimodal biometric systems, a multimodal biometric system that tackles the non-universality problem takes other forms of biometric to authenticate a person [408], even if a person is incapable to render a form of biometric owing to illness or disability. • Cost-effective: Unlike unimodal biometric systems, multimodal biometric systems are cost-effective since they provide greater security levels to reduce the risk of criminal attack [409].…”

A State of Art for Survey of Combined Iris and Fingerprint Recognition Systems

“…Verification of people a primary important concern in security. A biometric system is a pattern recognition that identifies someone by definite physiological or behavioral feature [87][88][89]. Systems that use a single biometric feature for the purpose of identifying a person are called unimodal biometric systems [90,91].…”

“…The biometric information is stored in a database after extracting the important features in return, when the identity of the person is verified, the same methods are used to extract the features and compare the result with those stored in the database in the event that the extracted characteristics match a certain percentage, and the system makes an authorized or unauthorized decision. [87]. The necessary steps of any typical authentication biometric system comprise four steps Fig.…”

Reliable Communications for Vehicular Networks

“…The biometric information is stored in a database after extracting the important features in return, when the identity of the person is verified, the same methods are used to extract the features and compare the result with those stored in the database in the event that the extracted characteristics match a certain percentage, and the system makes an authorized or unauthorized decision. [81]. The necessary steps of any typical authentication biometric system comprise four steps Fig 1.…”