A Survey on Weed Management in Dry Lentil Fields

Abstract

A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions about weed, herbicide, tillage and crop rotation was applied to 100 lentil farmers to determine the current state of a weed problem in lentil fields in 2016. Common weeds were determined charlock mustard (Sinapis arvensis L., 36%), devil-on-all-sides (Ranunculus arvensis L., 16%), cleavers (Galium aparine L., 11%), makhobeli (Cephalaria syriaca L., 8%), and knapweed (Centaurea depressa L., 8%), respectively. The majority of participants used aclonifen (89%) as a post-emergence to control broadleaf, besides, clethodim (26%), haloxyfop-methylester (17%), tepraloxydim (16%), quizalofop p-ethyl (15%), and fluazifop p-butyl (6%) for grass, respectively, and as a total herbicide glyphosate (4%) as well. But, respondents (66%) stated that lentils had crop injury from aclonifen. Growers took into account the price (43%), herbicides (38%), weeds (10%) and crop rotation (9%) to choose herbicides. Managing weeds with hand-picked (76%) were common in areas that did not use herbicides. Preventive measures were used such as crop rotation (61%), late sowing (10%), and deep tillage (4%), furthermore, farmers planted wheat (91%) and barley (9%) as a preceding crop. In this study, dissatisfaction was determined by the efficacy and selectivity of aclonifen which is registered herbicide on lentils in Turkey. Lentils have a short stature, slow early-season growth rate, and open-canopy growth habit, which make them poor competitors with broadleaf weeds. So weed management in the early period such as pre-planting, pre-emergence or early post-emergence herbicides, and IMI herbicide-tolerant lentil varieties (Clearfield) have been investigated.

Effects of Glyphosate-Based and Derived Products on Sea Urchin Larval Development

“…In fact, glyphosate and AMPA significantly inhibited AChE activity in the gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed in vivo to the contaminants for 7 and 21 days [67]. Similar results were obtained in other bivalve species, crustaceans and fish for glyphosate [68][69][70]. Surprisingly, in our study, an increased presence of larval abnormalities was not found in the Roundup 100 µg/L exposure, even if the concentration of the active substance was the same.…”

Tackling Lentil Biotic Stresses in the Genomic Era

“…Farming system was the main source of variation for both losses, while early flowering and small seed size were traits associated with low losses (Vlachostergios et al 2018). Lentil yield loss from the competition with weeds can range as high as 80% (Pala 2019).…”

Induction of systemic resistance to Orobanche crenata in lentil by exogenous application of salicylic acid and indole acetic acid

“…However, these herbicides have harmful effects on the environment and human health (Andreotti et al 2018;Elsakhawy et al 2020). To control Orobanche in lentil, the doses of glyphosate used prove to be phytotoxic and its reduction decreases the effectiveness of treatment (Pala 2019). The use of other solutions preserving the crop and the environment are being sought.…”