A Survivable and Flexible WDM Access Network by Alternate FSO- and Fiber-Paths for Fault Protection

Yeh, Chien Hung; Ko, Han-Shin; Liaw, Shien‐Kuei; Liu, Li Hung; Chen, Jing-Heng; Chow, Chi‐Wai

doi:10.1109/jphot.2021.3140095

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Fog causes attenuation up to hundreds of decibels per kilometer. In the presence of fog FSO channel typically used for short range communication, therefore FSO has its future in wireless 5G/6G networks having cell sizes less than a kilometer [13], [14]. Charge coupled device (CCD) camera and laser diode at 0.55 µm can be used for the FSO link when the visibility reduces below 50m due to fog [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free space optical communication system in the presence of atmospheric losses

V. Belgaonkar,

Ramakrishnan

2024

IJEECS

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<span>Free space optical communication is gaining importance in the field of optical communication due to its high speed and high bandwidth applications. Free space optical communication system (FSOCS) provides many benefits as compared to traditional wireless communication system and fiber optic cables. This makes this technology the reasonable extension of metropolitan area network and also provides the quick recovery during natural disaster. This system performance is limited due to the atmospheric turbulence effect and various atmospheric losses such as rain, and fog. Gamma gamma atmospheric turbulent model is used to analyze the system performance in the presence of moderate to strong atmospheric turbulence. We have designed the FSO gamma <span>gamma turbulent model with non-return to zero (NRZ) modulation format employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), spatial diversity multiple input multiple output (MIMO) (8×8) at various atmospheric turbulence levels and attenuation loss of 10 dB/km at the distance of 2-4 km. Using the proposed model, the link distance is enhanced up to 4km in the presence of turbulence and atmospheric losses with minimum laser transmitted power.</span></span>

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free space optical communication system in the presence of atmospheric losses

V. Belgaonkar,

Ramakrishnan

2024

IJEECS

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“…To provide and maintain enough data capacity of >1. 25 Gbit/s to each subscriber and also deliver data information security, the WDM-PON system with a point-to-point (PtP) link can be implemented completely [17]. Although WDM-PON requires multiple WDM laser light sources and WDM MUX, it will increase the deployment and operating costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, as the fiber transmission length increases, the RB noise interference effect will also become greater. Thus, to prevent the RB noise in WDM-PON, researchers have studied the use of the electrical filtering method, Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer structure, phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation skill, and optical carrier-suppressed subcarrier-modulation (OCS-SCM) technique [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unidirectional Ring-Based WDM Fiber Network for Both Downlink and Uplink Signal Access

Yeh,

Lin,

Lai

et al. 2023

Electronics

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In the paper, a dual-bidirectional ring-type wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) access network with downlink and uplink signal access simultaneously using a single fiber backbone in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively. The proposed network architecture is simple and easy to implement via the designed remote node (RN) and optical line termination (OLT) modules, but it also can double the downlink traffic using the original WDM downlink wavelengths. The presented ring-type WDM network can also avoid the Rayleigh backscattering (RB) beat noise when the same wavelengths are applied as downlink and uplink channels concurrently. In the measurement, 50 km long-reach and 15 km short-reach fiber transmission lengths are achieved for the symmetrical 10 and 28 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) data access, respectively. In addition, based on the obtained power budgets of eight downlink WDM signals and network design at the forward error correction (FEC) threshold, 16 optical network units (ONUs) can be supported simultaneously.

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“…For highly efficient bandwidth utilization, extended wavelength allocation methods must be also considered in current and near future hybrid Time-and Wavelength Division Multiplexing-based Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) [9][10][11][12][13]. Among other things, Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks (NG-PON) [14][15][16][17] provide cost-efficient traffic protection schemes [18][19][20][21][22], whereas fault management is important for uninterrupted internet access services [23][24][25]. Therefore, NG-PON networks must support the end-to-end protection option for use cases if specified reliability requirements based on user profiles are expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Decision Criterion for Increasing the Bandwidth Utilization by Means of the Novel Effective DBA Algorithm in NG-PON2 Networks

Róka

2023

Future Internet

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In this paper, the reasons for the bandwidth and wavelength utilization in future next-generation passive optical networks are presented, and the possibilities for realization and utilization of extended dynamic wavelength and bandwidth algorithms for the second next-generation passive optical networks (NG-PON2) are analyzed. Next, principles of the effective dynamic bandwidth allocation are introduced in detail, focused on the importance of the decision criterion optimization. To achieve a better bandwidth utilization of dedicated wavelengths in NG-PON2 networks, this paper is focused on the novel effective dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm with adaptive allocation of wavelengths to optical network units as well as the optimization of the decision criterion. The algorithm and the proposed method are tested and evaluated through simulation with actual traffic data. For analyzing novel extended dynamic wavelength and bandwidth algorithms used for various cases of wavelength allocation in NG-PON2 networks, the effective dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm analysis is realized in the enhancement of simulation program. Finally, an optimization of the decision criterion defining a minimum bandwidth utilization of the actual wavelength is executed for NG-PON2 networks based on the hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexing technique.

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A Survivable and Flexible WDM Access Network by Alternate FSO- and Fiber-Paths for Fault Protection

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Free space optical communication system in the presence of atmospheric losses

Free space optical communication system in the presence of atmospheric losses

Unidirectional Ring-Based WDM Fiber Network for Both Downlink and Uplink Signal Access

Optimization of the Decision Criterion for Increasing the Bandwidth Utilization by Means of the Novel Effective DBA Algorithm in NG-PON2 Networks

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