A sustainable process to utilize ferrous sulfate waste from titanium oxide industry by reductive decomposition reaction with pyrite

Huang, Penghui; Deng, Shaogang; Zhang, Zhiye; Wang, Xin-Long; Chen, Xiao; Yang, Xiushan; Yang, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2015.10.004

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 9, the decomposition rate of the IND sample was higher than that for the LAB sample over the complete range of temperatures. The values of the apparent activation energy for the treatment of industrial and laboratory sample were about 262 and 238 kJ/mol, respectively, showing the strong effect of temperature on the decomposition process of iron sulfate between 500 and 575 • C. A similar value of apparent activation energy (average value of 244 kJ/mol) was obtained in the work reported by Huang et al [4]. The reaction product generated by the thermal treatment of iron sulfates was mainly composed of pure iron (III) oxide.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The potassium ferrate synthesis (K2FeO4) from spent steel pickling liquid was also reported by Wei et al [7]. A recent work applied the reductive decomposition reaction of iron sulfate with pyrite into Fe3O4 at a relatively low temperature [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…This report compares the main characteristics of the classical and emerging processes for TiO 2 manufacturing from economic and environmental viewpoints. As mentioned in earlier works [3,4], one drawback of the sulfate process is the amount of iron sulfate heptahydrate and the spent acid generated during TiO 2 production. Only a small part of the iron sulfate is reused, and the remaining part must be disposed of as waste.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Thermal Behavior of Hydrated Iron Sulfate in Various Atmospheres

Kanari

Ménad

Ostrosi

et al. 2018

Metals

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Iron sulfate, in particular FeSO4·7H2O, is derived from titanium dioxide production and the steel pickling process. Regarding TiO2 manufacturing, the amount of the resultant FeSO4·7H2O can be as high as 6 tons per ton of produced TiO2, leading to a huge amount of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, which is considered an environmental and economic concern for the titanium dioxide industry in European countries. The present paper focuses on the thermal treatment of ferrous sulfate (heptahydrate and monohydrate) samples under different conditions. Nonisothermal thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was used to study the behavior of iron sulfate samples at temperatures of up to 1000 °C in Cl2 + O2, O2, and N2 atmospheres. Results showed that the dehydration of iron sulfate heptahydrate in nitrogen started at room temperature and resulted in iron sulfate tetrahydrate (FeSO4·4H2O). The ferrous sulfate monohydrate (FeSO4·H2O) was formed at temperatures close to 150 °C, while the anhydrous ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) was obtained when the samples were heated in nitrogen at over 225 °C. The kinetic features of FeSO4 decomposition into Fe2O3 were revealed under isothermal conditions at temperatures ranging from 500 to 575 °C. The decomposition of iron sulfate was characterized by an apparent activation energy of around 250 kJ/mol, indicating a significant temperature effect on the decomposition process. The obtained powder iron oxide could be directed to the agglomeration unit of iron and the steelmaking process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Thermal Behavior of Hydrated Iron Sulfate in Various Atmospheres

Kanari

Ménad

Ostrosi

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…ing mainly of TiOSO 4 , FeSO 4 , SiO 2 , rutile, CaSO 4 etc. [14][15][16][17]. For the purpose of a more complete use of raw materials, the «black solution» is purified by settling using coagulants and subsequent filtration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Kinetics of Drying Iron (Ii) Sulfate Heptahydrate by Filtration Method

Tsiura

Кіндзера

Huzova

et al. 2021

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The object of research: kinetics of filtration drying process of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate. Solved problem: to obtain the calculated dependence of the kinetics of filtration drying, which predicts the nature of the change in the moisture content of the material in time during the period of complete saturation of the thermal agent with moisture in the range of heights of the material layer 30.10-3–120.10-3 m and the speeds of the thermal agent 0.46–1.61 m/s. Main scientific results: The kinetics of filtration drying of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate was investigated at different heights of the material layer and pressure drops over dry material, which means at different speeds of movement of the thermal agent. A certain critical moisture content, which is Wcr=0.065 kg H2O/kg dry mat and the time it reaches at different heights of the material layer and the speeds of movement of the thermal agent. Based on the solution of the system of differential equations of material balance in the layer and the kinetics of drying, the kinetic coefficients for iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate a=15.75 1/m, α=3.03.10-3 1/s were determined, which made it possible to obtain the calculated dependence of the kinetics drying, which predicts the nature of the change in the moisture content of the material over time during the period of complete saturation of the thermal agent with moisture in the range of heights of the material layer H=30.10-3–120.10-3 m and the velocities of the thermal agent υ=0.46–1.61 m/s. The area of practical application of the results: enterprises for the production of titanium (IV) oxide with the production of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate as a by-product and enterprises specializing in the manufacture of pigments based on iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate. Innovative technological product: iron (II) sulfate tetrahydrate (FeSO4•4H2O, rosenite), obtained as a result of drying by the filtration method. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: in the production technology of iron oxide pigments.

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“…In the perspective of a circular economy and sustainable development, the ideal scenario should be to consider these wastes (e.g., iron sulfate) as an input for new chemicals and material synthesis, which are intrinsically non-hazardous, thus excluding the notion of undesirable by-product. Few recent investigations [4,5,6,7] address the usage of melanterite in various application and its treatment, such as for synthesizing slow-release fertilizers [5], cation-substituted LiFePO 4 [6], and for Fe 3 O 4 production through reductive decomposition using pyrite [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Process for Industrial Waste Transformation into Super-Oxidizing Materials Named Alkali Metal Ferrates (VI)

et al. 2019

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The investigation presented here features the design of a cleaner and greener chemical process for the conversion of industrial wastes into super-oxidizing materials. The waste of interest is the iron sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O) mainly generated through the sulfate route used for titanium dioxide industrial production. The products of this transformation process are alkali ferrates (A2FeO4, A = Na, K) containing iron in its hexavalent state and considered as powerful oxidants characterized by properties useful for cleaning waters, wastewaters, and industrial effluents. The proposed process includes two steps: (i) The first step consisting of the pre-mixing of two solids (AOH with FeSO4·xH2O) in a rotary reactor allowing the coating of iron sulfate in the alkali hydroxides through solid–solid reactions; and (ii) the second step involves the synthesis of alkali ferrates in a fluidized bed by oxidation of the single solid obtained in the first step in diluted chlorine. The chemical synthesis of alkali ferrates can be carried out within a timeframe of a few minutes. The usage of a fluidized bed enhanced the energy and mass transfer allowing a quasi-complete control of the ferrate synthesis process. The alkali ferrate synthesis process described here possesses many characteristics aligned with the principles of the “green chemistry”.

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A sustainable process to utilize ferrous sulfate waste from titanium oxide industry by reductive decomposition reaction with pyrite

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Thermal Behavior of Hydrated Iron Sulfate in Various Atmospheres

Thermal Behavior of Hydrated Iron Sulfate in Various Atmospheres

Study of the Kinetics of Drying Iron (Ii) Sulfate Heptahydrate by Filtration Method

Green Process for Industrial Waste Transformation into Super-Oxidizing Materials Named Alkali Metal Ferrates (VI)

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