A Sustainable Solution to Skin Diseases: Ecofriendly Transdermal Patches

Abstract

Skin is the largest epithelial surface of the human body, with a surface area of 2 m2 for the average adult human. Being an external organ, it is susceptible to more than 3000 potential skin diseases, including injury, inflammation, microbial and viral infections, and skin cancer. Due to its nature, it offers a large accessible site for administrating several medications against these diseases. The dermal and transdermal delivery of such medications are often ensured by utilizing dermal/transdermal patches or microneedles made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. These tools provide controlled delivery of drugs to the site of action in a rapid and therapeutically effective manner with enhanced diffusivity and minimal side effects. Regrettably, they are usually fabricated using synthetic materials with possible harmful environmental effects. Manufacturing such tools using green synthesis routes and raw materials is hence essential for both ecological and economic sustainability. In this review, natural materials including chitosan/chitin, alginate, keratin, gelatin, cellulose, hyaluronic acid, pectin, and collagen utilized in designing ecofriendly patches will be explored. Their implementation in wound healing, skin cancer, inflammations, and infections will be discussed, and the significance of these studies will be evaluated with future perspectives.

Metallic elements combine with herbal compounds upload in microneedles to promote wound healing: a review

“…As a commonly found, environmentally friendly, and safe material, pectin is being increasingly explored for the development of MNs. When a composition of 15% w/w Poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) and 4% w/w pectin is used, the MNs transverse failure force is highest at different ratios (1% w/w 5%-2% w/w, 10% w/ w-4% w/w, 10% w/w-2% w/w), reaching 0.25 ± 0.04 N/needle and the height reduction after axial fracture also reaches a peak of 27.60% ± 1.93% (Yilmaz et al, 2023). When pectin is combined with bovine serum albumin, the MNs have demonstrated excellent cell affinity and solubility (Demir and Kerimoglu, 2015).…”

Advancing 3D printed microfluidics with computational methods for sweat analysis

“…A conspicuous challenge resides in the circumscribed array of materials amenable to 3D printing endeavors, with a pronounced emphasis on applications within the purview of biological studies. The imperative necessitates a discerning focus on the exploration and refinement of materials characterized by elevated biocompatibility, particularly in the sphere of implantable devices [ 104 ]. Furthermore, the salience of compatibility between these materials and assorted apparatus, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), cannot be overstated [ 105 ].…”

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Dermal Patch Ekstrak Metanol Rimpang Lempuyang Gajah (Zingibe zerumbet L.) Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo

“…Tujuan penghantaran obat secara dermal adalah meminimalkan penyerapan ke dalam aliran darah dan meningkatkan jumlah obat yang mencapai lapisan kulit yang diinginkan, serta mengurangi efek samping. Secara teraupetik, sistem penghantaran obat melalui plester dermal bisa mencapai dua tujuan, yakni penghantaran superfisial kulit (subkutan dan epidermis) (Yilmaz, 2023).…”