A Swarm Intelligent Algorithm Based Route Maintaining Protocol for Mobile Sink Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that mobile sink can be a solution to solve the problem that energy consumption of sensor nodes is not balanced in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Caused by the sink mobility, the paths between the sensor nodes and the sink change frequently and have profound influence on the lifetime of WSN. It is necessary to design a protocol that can find efficient routings between the mobile sink and nodes but does not consume too many network resources. In this paper, we propose a swarm intelligent algorithm based route maintaining protocol to resolve this issue. The protocol utilizes the concentric ring mechanism to guide the route researching direction and adopts the optimal routing selection to maintain the data delivery route in mobile sink WSN. Using the immune based artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm to optimize the forwarding path, the routing maintaining protocol could find an alternative routing path quickly and efficiently when the coordinate of sink is changed in WSN. The results of our extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed route maintaining protocol is able to balance the network traffic load and prolong the network lifetime.

Flocking for Multiagent Systems with Partial Information Exchange Based on Inclusion Principle

“…Since 2006, the typical flocking algorithm, proposed by Olfati-Saber [7], has been extensively applied in fields such as mobile sensor networks and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), etc. [12][13][14][15]. In [7], the control protocol (or input) u i for agent i consists of the following three components:…”

“…For many decades, flocking problems have received a great deal of attention from researchers in biology, social science, physics, control science, computer science, and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], due to the emergence of swarming for a group of agents with local interactions. is phenomenon of swarming finds a broad range of applications in swarm robots [11], mobile sensor networks [12], and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) [13][14][15].…”