A Swiss-roll liquid–gas mixed-reactant fuel cell

Aziznia, Amin; Oloman, Colin; Gyenge, Előd L.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.03.047

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Along with demands of smallscale combustors, improvements on combustion stability in meso-combustors and micro-combustors also collect increasing attentions. 19,20 Jiang et al 21,22 investigated the influence of the baffle height on entropy generation distribution in heat recirculation micro-combustors. 10,11 Micro-combustors with bluff body, 12,13 cavities, 14-16 and backward facing step 17 offer new designs of small combustors by the formation of reflow fields, which enhances the fuel/air mixing and prolongs the residence time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal management and catalytic combustion stability characteristics of premixed methane/air in heat recirculation meso-combustors

et al. 2017

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Summary In order to illuminate heat recirculation effect on catalytic combustion stability and further improve energy conversion efficiency in meso‐combustor, the catalytic combustion characteristics of the combustor with/without preheating channels are numerically studied at steady conditions. It is found that methane conversion rate and combustion efficiency increases by 2% to 3% and approximately 9% in the heat recirculation meso‐combustor, indicating that heat recirculation effect facilitates more complete combustion of methane and medium components. Preheating channels show positive effects on improving combustion stability in the heat recirculation meso‐combustor. On one hand, preheating channels facilitate heat recirculation effect, and heat recirculation rate exceeds 10% for all cases and reaches 31.8% with an inlet velocity of 0.5 m/s, leading to significant increment of methane‐specific enthalpy at the preheating channel outlet. On the other hand, Rh(s)/O(s) ratios of catalytic surface and catalytic surface temperature in main reaction zone are enlarged by the preheating channels, facilitating methane adsorption at catalytic surface. Specially, most of fuels are consumed in a shorter distance with higher methane conversion speed, which brings benefits to promote combustion efficiency and may be helpful to inhibit the combustion instability in heat recirculation meso‐combustors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal management and catalytic combustion stability characteristics of premixed methane/air in heat recirculation meso-combustors

et al. 2017

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“…10,13,26,27 The catalyst powder is suspended in 1-propanol and a solution of AS-4 anionic conducting polymer (Tokuyama). The suspension is drop coated on the carbon cloth in four steps and dried at 50…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Supported Nanocrystalline Manganese Oxide: Surpassing Platinum as Oxygen Reduction Catalyst in Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

Grimmer

Grandi

Zacharias

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) nanodispersed on high surface area carbon was tested as cathode catalyst for direct borohydride fuel cells with an anion conducting membrane. In order to investigate the effects of borohydride crossover, ex-situ experiments toward oxygen reduction reaction were conducted employing rotating disk electrodes in presence of borohydride and thiourea. Although platinum showed superior catalytic properties at ideal conditions, manganese oxide outperformed platinum significantly in presence of borohydride. Direct borohydride fuel cell tests were conducted using Pt/C-based and MnO 2 /C-based. After one hour of operation at 0.40 V the platinum based membrane electrode assembly lost approx. 30% of its initial peak power density while the non-precious metal MEA showed constant performance. The peak power density of the single test cell with a Pt/C based anode, an anion exchange membrane and a MnO 2 /C based cathode was 38 mW cm Direct liquid fuel cells (DLFC) offer certain advantages compared to hydrogen based fuel cell systems. Liquid fuels are generally easier to store and safer in handling than pressurized gases. Furthermore, the adaptation of the existing fossil based fuel involves considerably lower investment costs. Among various alcohols, most importantly methanol, borohydride proves to be an interesting and promising fuel candidate for DLFCs.1-3 As a result the number of publications concerning borohydride as hydrogen storage compound and direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) is strongly increasing in the last decade. 4 Borohydride which is usually applied in the form of sodium borohydride NaBH 4 is a white crystalline solid which exhibits a theoretical energy density of 9.3 Wh g −1 . 5The electrooxidation of BH 4 − (shown in Reaction 1) releases eight electrons at a very low theoretical potential. 6 In combination with an oxygen electrode the theoretical cell voltage is 1.64 V (see Reaction 3).Due to fuel crossover with any kind of alkaline electrolytes most publications dealing with DBFCs report the usage of cation exchange membranes.7 In this arrangement sodium acts as charge carrier and is conducted from the anode to the cathode side. The main issue of using cation exchange membranes is the formation of NaOH at the cathode and the undesirable concentration ratio [OH − ]/[BH 4 − ] with a minimum of eight in the fuel.To overcome this major drawback there are in principle two approaches. First, the establishment of hydroxide permeable membranes those are impermeable for borohydride or second, the development of cathode catalysts that show high catalytic selectivity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and high tolerance toward borohydride.State-of-the-art catalysts for DBFCs are platinum and gold at the anode and platinum at the cathode. 7,8 Platinum is still the cathode * Electrochemical Society Member. z E-mail: christoph.grimmer@tugraz.at catalyst of choice due to its high ORR activity and sufficient longterm stability.9 However, the usage of platinum at the cathode side harbors si...

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“…The SR-MRFC components and apparatus were described by us in detail in a previous report. [14] The anode was the osmium-electrodeposited carbon cloth with a 20 cm 2 geometric area. The manganese dioxide gas-diffusion cathode (thickness of 300 mm, Gaskatel GmbH) was composed of a teflonated MnO 2 /C catalyst layer pressed onto gold-plated nickel mesh.…”

Section: Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nents (including membrane and bipolar plates) as well as the complex thermal and water management of fuel cell stacks. [14][15][16] The PEM is a crucial component of low-temperature direct fuel cells, which provides electrical insulation between the electrodes and prevents anolyte and catholyte intermixing. Therefore, conventional DBFCs and other types of fuel cell designs generally require the PEM to act as an electronic and reactant separator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Operation in monopolar single-cell mode at 105 kPa (abs) and 323 K resulted in a superficial peak power density of 1000 W m À2 when using a platinum-silver anodecathode electrocatalyst pair, with good temporal stability. [14] We also investigated the platinum-manganese dioxide anodecathode electrocatalyst combination, which indicated promising results. Manganese dioxide is an inexpensive and efficient cathode catalyst for the SR-MRFC system because the electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction is less sensitive to the presence of borohydride; [18,19] therefore, it was used in the study presented herein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Platinum‐ and Membrane‐Free Swiss‐Roll Mixed‐Reactant Alkaline Fuel Cell

2013

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Eliminating the expensive and failure-prone proton exchange membrane (PEM) together with the platinum-based anode and cathode catalysts would significantly reduce the high capital and operating costs of low-temperature (<373 K) fuel cells. We recently introduced the Swiss-roll mixed-reactant fuel cell (SR-MRFC) concept for borohydride-oxygen alkaline fuel cells. We now present advances in anode electrocatalysis for borohydride electrooxidation through the development of osmium nanoparticulate catalysts supported on porous monolithic carbon fiber materials (referred to as an osmium 3D anode). The borohydride-oxygen SR-MRFC operates at 323 K and near atmospheric pressure, generating a peak power density of 1880 W m(-2) in a single-cell configuration by using an osmium-based anode (with an osmium loading of 0.32 mg cm(-2)) and a manganese dioxide gas-diffusion cathode. To the best of our knowledge, 1880 W m(-2) is the highest power density ever reported for a mixed-reactant fuel cell operating under similar conditions. Furthermore, the performance matches the highest reported power densities for conventional dual chamber PEM direct borohydride fuel cells.

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A Swiss-roll liquid–gas mixed-reactant fuel cell

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

Thermal management and catalytic combustion stability characteristics of premixed methane/air in heat recirculation meso-combustors

Thermal management and catalytic combustion stability characteristics of premixed methane/air in heat recirculation meso-combustors

Carbon Supported Nanocrystalline Manganese Oxide: Surpassing Platinum as Oxygen Reduction Catalyst in Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

Platinum‐ and Membrane‐Free Swiss‐Roll Mixed‐Reactant Alkaline Fuel Cell

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