“…Among them, the sliding mode control (SMC) as an effective robust control method has received many applications because of its exceptional robustness against uncertainties and disturbances, guaranteed stability properties, computational and implementation easiness, fast response and excellent transient performance with respect to other control schemes [10,11]. The sliding mode control method has been prosperously applied to a broad diversity of practical linear and nonlinear systems such as nonholonomic systems [12,13], robot manipulators [14], aircraft [15], spacecraft [16,17], underwater vehicles [18], chaotic systems [19], electrical motors [20], and power systems [21,22]. The algorithm of SMC comprises two different phases, i.e., reaching and sliding phases [23].…”