A synchrotron radiation photoemission study of the oxidation of tin

Padova, Paola De; Fanfoni, M.; Larciprete, R.; Mangiantini, M. T.; Priori, S.; Perfetti, P.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(94)90058-2

Cited by 66 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is well-known from literature that Sn might exist in two oxidation states: Sn 2 þ in SnO and Sn 4 þ in SnO 2 [22]. And the best way to distinguish between the two structures using this technique is to have a closer look on the valence band (VB) spectra, characterized by very different binding energies features [22][23][24].…”

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, optical and electrical properties of Nd-doped SnO2 thin films fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering for solar cell devices

Bouras

Schmerber

Rinnert

et al. 2016

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, optical and electrical properties of Nd-doped SnO2 thin films fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering for solar cell devices

Bouras

Schmerber

Rinnert

et al. 2016

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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“…[1][2][3] Due to this interest many characterization studies have been carried out on the electronic structure of tin oxides. Core level or valence band photoemission [4][5][6][7][8] have been widely used for the characterization of this material. One of the main issues of these studies is the analysis of the changes in stoichiometry that occur when SnO 2 is subjected to different reduction treatments including heating in CO or H 2 and Ar ϩ -sputtering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Auger, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy ͑XPS͒, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy ͑UPS͒, electron energy loss spectroscopy ͑EELS͒, synchrotron photoemission, and resonant photoemission have been used to characterize the electronic state of these modified surfaces. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] On the other hand, many of these studies have paid a particular attention to the electronic structure of stoichiometric SnO 2 and to this material partially reduced to a SnO x (xϽ2) state, where it may be a mixture of different oxidation states of tin ͑i.e., Sn, Sn 2ϩ , and Sn 4ϩ ). Different theoretical analyses of the occupied and empty states of tin oxide have also been carried out and their results compared with those of different experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant photoemission characterization of SnO

et al. 1999

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A thick layer of SnO, equivalent in its electronic properties to the bulk material, has been investigated by means of resonant photoemission and the mathematical method of factor analysis. This study has shown that O2p, Sn5s, and Sn5p partial density of states are the main contributions to the valence band of this material. The distribution through the valence band of these partial contributions has been determined by spectral subtraction and factor analysis of the resonance photoemission spectra, as well as by band structure calculation. The resonance behavior ͑i.e., change in intensity with the photon energy͒ of these three contributions has been analyzed. The Sn5p levels present a typical Fano-like behavior with a minimum intensity at about 28 eV and a maximum at 40 eV. The Sn5s partial density distribution also depicts a change in intensity as a function of the photon energy with a minimum situated at 35 eV and a maximum at 55 eV. Tentatively, this behavior has been linked to the existence of a broad absorption feature detected by electron energy loss spectroscopy and constant final state spectra, both depicting a broad maximum at about 50 eV. ͓S0163-1829͑99͒07339-7͔

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“…Detailed photoemission spectra showed that the Sn 4d peak lies at BE ∼27 eV, thus confirming that tin is present in the form of an SnO 2 -like phase. [20] As can be seen, in some cases the Sn 4d peak is clearly visible, although with varying intensities, as in spots B, C, and F, whereas in others it is barely visible or virtually missing, as in spots A, D, and E. Moreover, the intensity of Sn 4d peak scales as a function of position with a down-field broadening of the Cu 3d signal maximum, owing to the occurrence of SnO 2 valence band contributions, peaked at BE ∼5 eV. [20] The lateral changes noted in the PEM spectra are accompanied by corresponding tin enrichments or depletions at the spots marked by an arrow in the upper panel of Fig.…”

Section: As-inserted Bronze a Features A [C]/[cu] Ratio And A [C]/[o]mentioning

confidence: 99%

A multitechnique study of archeological bronzes

Northover

Crossley

Grazioli

et al. 2008

Surface & Interface Analysis

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We used XPS, X-AES, synchrotron radiation-induced total electron yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), synchrotron radiation-induced photoelectron microscopy (PEM), and electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) techniques to explore the elemental and microchemical properties of two tin-bronzes (denoted A and B) found at a necropolis located in Fossa (Abruzzo, Italy), and dating from the late ninth century B.C. EPMA shows that the bulk elemental composition of the two bronzes is very much alike as far as the leading metals are concerned, whereas the main differences are limited to the composition of trace elements (A is notably richer in Pb and much poorer in Co). PEM highlights lateral chemical inhomogeneities with a spatial resolution in the submicron range. X-AES Cu L 3 MM spectra show that the content of metallic copper is more abundant in the surface region of A than in B. XPS finds that the amount of carbon-bearing species is about 40% more abundant in the former sample. A significant enrichment of metallic copper at the surface of the same bronze is confirmed by XAS Cu L 2,3 edge experiments. We interpret the 'high' carbon content found at the surface of bronze A as arising from intentional rubbing with organic substances, e.g. oil. The fact that the same bronze features a higher 'metallization' of surface copper suggests that such a procedure proved successful in minimizing the oxidation induced by the surroundings. We discuss the diagnostic potential of our multitechnique approach as a means for studying the surface chemistry of ancient metalwork.

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A synchrotron radiation photoemission study of the oxidation of tin

Cited by 66 publications

References 34 publications

Structural, optical and electrical properties of Nd-doped SnO2 thin films fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering for solar cell devices

Structural, optical and electrical properties of Nd-doped SnO2 thin films fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering for solar cell devices

Resonant photoemission characterization of SnO

A multitechnique study of archeological bronzes

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