A synopsis of Salvatoria McIntosh, 1885 (Annelida: Syllidae: Exogoninae) from Brazilian coastal and oceanic waters

Abstract

We compiled the records for the genus Salvatoria from Brazilian coastal and oceanic habitats, collected by several projects along the years. Here we present 12 species, eight of which already reported–S. breviarticulata comb. nov., S. clavata, S. euritmica, S. heterocirra, S. limbata, S. longiarticulata comb. nov., S. neapolitana and S. cf. nitidula–with comments regarding the confidence of some of these records. We also describe three new species, S. marielleae n. sp. and Salvatoria nitiduloides n. sp., based on material from Fernando de Noronha and Trindade islands, off the Northeastern Brazilian coast, and S. ypsiloides n. sp., from Fernando de Noronha and also, Campos Basin, off Southeastern Brazilian coast, in depths down to 970 m. Finally, we report a probably undescribed species, Salvatoria sp., represented by only one specimen lacking median antenna, preventing us to proceed with further identification properly. A dichotomous identification key and a comparative table with morphological data of specimens belonging to these species are also provided.

Two new ‘incertae sedis’ syllids (Annelida: Syllidae) from Brazilian oceanic islands

“…Branchiosyllis belchiori Nascimento, Fukuda & Paiva, 2019, B. gozanguinhai Nascimento, Fukuda & Paiva, 2019, B. oculata (Ehlers, 1887, Exogone africana Hartmann-Schröder, 1974, E. breviantennata Hartmann-Schröder, 1959, E. naidinoides Westheide, 1974, E. rocas Nascimento, Fukuda & Paiva, 2020, E. cf. simplex Hartmann-Schröder, 1960, Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855, Salvatoria marielleae Nascimento, Fukuda & Paiva, 2021, S. ypsiloides Nascimento, Fukuda & Paiva, 2021, Salvatoria sp., Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843, and S. variegata (Grube, 1855 (Paiva et al 2007;Nascimento et al 2020Nascimento et al , 2021. This study has identified two species new to science, bringing the total to 16.…”

“…Syllidae is the most speciose family within Annelida and is typically among the richest in faunal surveys. Currently, 155 species of this family are found in Brazilian waters (Nascimento et al 2021), already including the two described here. It is safe to say that the 16 species found so far off Brazilian oceanic islands represent only a small fraction of the actual richness of this family in these habitats.…”

Salvatoria aegyptia n. sp. (Annelida, Syllidae) from El Ataka wharf, Suez Gulf (Egypt)

“…The most remarkable characteristic of the new species of Salvatoria is that the pharyngeal tooth is located on the anterior margin of the pharynx, and the compound chaetae have elongated blades on the anterior and the midbody parapodia, with both teeth separated, forming a rounded, concave space. The most similar species is S. nitiduloides (Nascimento et al, 2021) from Brazil. In comparison, the pharyngeal tooth in the Egyptian species is more anteriorly located, and the dorso-ventral gradation in the length of blades is less marked than in the Brazilian species (Nascimento et al, 2021).…”

“…The most similar species is S. nitiduloides (Nascimento et al, 2021) from Brazil. In comparison, the pharyngeal tooth in the Egyptian species is more anteriorly located, and the dorso-ventral gradation in the length of blades is less marked than in the Brazilian species (Nascimento et al, 2021). Despite that the body shape, the dorsal and the ventral simple chaetae, and the anterior compound chaetae are almost identical; the posterior chaetae of S. aegyptia sp.…”

“…Results showed that this species has spindle-shaped dorsal cirri and antennae, pointed, oval pharyngeal tooth located on the anterior margin of the pharynx, and compound chaetae with elongated, bidentate blades, with teeth well separated from each other, and fine spines on the margin. The most similar species to the Egyptian species is Salvatoria nitiduloides, Nascimento et al, 2021 from Brazil. However, the Egyptian species has the pharyngeal tooth more anteriorly located, and the dorsoventral gradation in the length of blades is less marked than in the Brazilian species, especially on posterior segments.…”