A system dynamic model for the assessment of different exposure routes in aquatic ecosystems

Carbonell, Gregoria; Ramos, C.; Pablos, María Victoria; Ortíz, José Antonio; Tarazona, José V.

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00482-9

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There are several models (e.g. Carbonell et al 2000) and experimental approaches (e.g. Fernandez et al 2002) for estimating the relevance of different exposure routes in invertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an innovative conceptual model and a tiered testing strategy for the ecological risk assessment of rice pesticides

Tarazona¹,

Sánchez²

2006

Paddy Water Environ

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Rice paddies constitute a very special agrobiosystem, which for some circumstances, could be considered as a human driven wetland. The complexity of such dynamic systems is a key element for conducting ecological risk assessments, in addition, the proximity of rice paddies to areas of high ecological value must be considered. This paper presents a new conceptual model for conducting ecological risk assessments of pesticides and other agrochemicals in rice, based on a combination of three main elements, the source of the stressor, the exposed environmental compartments and the relevance of the ecological receptors. A tiered testing strategy, starting with the standard requirements for pesticides and moving to specific higher tier studies with three levels of risk refinement is also presented.

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“…There are several models (e.g. Carbonell et al 2000) and experimental approaches (e.g. Fernandez et al 2002) for estimating the relevance of different exposure routes in invertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an innovative conceptual model and a tiered testing strategy for the ecological risk assessment of rice pesticides

Tarazona¹,

Sánchez²

2006

Paddy Water Environ

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“…For benthic invertebrates and fish living in or close to the sediment, ingestion of sediment constitutes a potential additional pathway for uptake of contaminants in addition to uptake from (pore) water and direct dietary sources. This is especially relevant for compounds with a high sorption and dietary assimilation efficiency, such as very hydrophobic compounds (log K ow > 5; Carbonell et al, 2000). For such compounds usually additional bioaccumulation tests are recommended with sediment-dwelling or -inhabiting invertebrates exposed to spiked sediments (e.g.…”

Section: Examples Are Reach (Ec 2006) Bpr (Ec 2012) and Former Bpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the effect assessment for pesticides on sediment organisms in edge‐of‐field surface water

2015

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR Panel) was tasked to revise the Guidance Document (GD) on Aquatic Ecotoxicology under Council Directive 91/414/EEC (SANCO/3268/2001 rev. 4 (final), 17 October 2002. This scientific opinion of the PPR Panel is the second of three requested deliverables within this mandate. The scientific background for the risk assessment on sediment organisms in edge-of-field surface waters is provided, with reference to benthic ecology and ecotoxicology, available test protocols and current knowledge on exposure and effects of sediment-bound plant protection products (PPPs). The scientific opinion provides approaches on how to derive regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) for sediment organisms and exposure to active substances of PPPs and transformation products of these substances, and how to link them in a tiered approach to predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) for the sediment compartment. A list of uncertainties in relation to such approaches is given. SUMMARYSediment Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is a combination of exposure and effect assessment. Proposals for these assessments are provided. The opinion describes specific protection goals (SPGs) for sediment-inhabiting organisms based on two options (1) the ecological threshold option (ETO), accepting negligible population effects only, and (2) if applicable, the ecological recovery option (ERO), accepting some population-level effects if ecological recovery takes place within an acceptable time period.Triggers for sediment ecotoxicity testing are proposed together with a decision scheme for when additional testing may be required. The ecotoxicologically relevant concentrations (ERCs) for sediment organisms are proposed, as this will be influenced by the choice of sediment layer, exposure metric and test duration.The current Forum for the co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their use (FOCUS) methodology for surface water does not consider the effect of multi-year applications, which could possibly lead to accumulation of pesticides in sediment. To account for this deficit, a proposed methodology for introducing an accumulation factor that can be used until an updated FOCUS methodology becomes available is presented in this opinion. The accumulation factor can be considered a conservative approach, since it does not include any possible transport processes, such as leaching or volatilisation, which may reduce the accumulation in sediment in the real field situation.A tiered effect assessment approach is proposed for different sediment organisms and how to link regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) to predicted environmental concentration (PECs). The assessment of bioaccumulation, biomagnification and secondary poisoning is discussed, as well as the prospect of improving ERA for sediment microorganisms.Transformation products from active substances also may need to be assessed, as well as mixture toxicity of formulations of plant protection products (PPPs). The op...

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“…Currently, bioconcentration and passage of pollutants through food webs is interpreted as solute-phase diffusional uptake in all trophic-level interactions (e.g. Schramm et al 1998, Peters et al 1999, Ruus et al 1999, Carbonell et al 2000, Fisk et al 2001, Weltje et al 2002. Biomagnification along the food chain is thought to occur via transfer of solute pollutants from food within the intestinal lumen of animals (e.g.…”

Section: Theory and Application Of 'Diffusion Model' In Ecotoxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these, living organisms are replaced by a functional substitute (usually octanol), sometimes with an artificial semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) to partition water and the test lipid or lipid substitute (e.g. Di Toro et al 1990, Carbonell et al 2000, Williamson et al 2002. The SPMD consists of a polymeric membrane that encloses a model lipid, and acts as a passive integrative sampler for determining the aqueous concentration of hydrophobic contaminants (Williamson et al 2002).…”

Section: Abiotic Partitioning Coefficient (K Ow ) Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corollary is that only pollutant solutes are available for uptake by living organisms (e.g. Chiou et al 1982, Hawker & Connell 1985, 1986,b, Connell 1988, 1990, Markwell et al 1989, Di Toro et al 1990, Just et al 1990, Stenerson 1992, De la Torre et al 1995, Karrupiah & Gupta 1996, Skoglund et al 1996, Mitra & Dickhut 1999, Carbonell et al 2000, Chu & Chan 2000, Nipper et al 2002, Williamson et al 2002, Fent 2003. This assumption ignores an inherent primary function of the bilayer of the biological membrane -that it is an impermeable barrier which isolates any living unit (organelle, cell or living organism) from its external environment (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Protein model for pollutant uptake and elimination by living organisms and its implications for ecotoxicology

Quinnell¹,

Hulsman²,

Davie³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The conceptual model on which chemical assessment of pollutants is based is flawed. The assumption in ecotoxicology -that pollutants cross the biological membrane only by passive diffusion of their solute phase (diffusion model) and thus, that only water-soluble pollutants are biologically available -is inconsistent with the biologists' understanding of the role and functioning of the biological membrane. The biological membrane both isolates organisms, cells and organelles from their external environments and regulates cross-membrane trafficking of polar and non-polar substances. Trafficking regulation is a function of proteins dissolved within the membrane. An alternative protein model for pollutant uptake and elimination is proposed that provides a credible explanation of how solid-phase pollutants, such as those bound to aquatic sediments and soils, may be readily incorporated by living organisms. Current chemical testing is likely to underestimate the risk posed to organisms by sediment and soil-bound pollutants. New techniques for assessing the bioavailability and impacts of pollutants, based on the protein model, are urgently needed.

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A system dynamic model for the assessment of different exposure routes in aquatic ecosystems

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Development of an innovative conceptual model and a tiered testing strategy for the ecological risk assessment of rice pesticides

Development of an innovative conceptual model and a tiered testing strategy for the ecological risk assessment of rice pesticides

Scientific Opinion on the effect assessment for pesticides on sediment organisms in edge‐of‐field surface water

Protein model for pollutant uptake and elimination by living organisms and its implications for ecotoxicology

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