Exposure to bio-aerosols such as
pollen can lead to adverse health
effects. There is a need for a portable and cost-effective device
for long-term monitoring and quantification of various types of pollen.
To address this need, we present a mobile and cost-effective label-free
sensor that takes holographic images of flowing particulate matter
(PM) concentrated by a virtual impactor, which selectively slows down
and guides particles larger than 6 μm to fly through an imaging
window. The flowing particles are illuminated by a pulsed laser diode,
casting their inline holograms on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
image sensor in a lens-free mobile imaging device. The illumination
contains three short pulses with a negligible shift of the flowing
particle within one pulse, and triplicate holograms of the same particle
are recorded at a single frame before it exits the imaging field-of-view,
revealing different perspectives of each particle. The particles within
the virtual impactor are localized through a differential detection
scheme, and a deep neural network classifies the pollen type in a
label-free manner based on the acquired holographic images. We demonstrated
the success of this mobile pollen detector with a virtual impactor
using different types of pollen (i.e., bermuda, elm, oak, pine, sycamore,
and wheat) and achieved a blind classification accuracy of 92.91%.
This mobile and cost-effective device weighs ∼700 g and can
be used for label-free sensing and quantification of various bio-aerosols
over extended periods since it is based on a cartridge-free virtual
impactor that does not capture or immobilize PM.