A systematic audit of economic evidence linking nosocomial infections and infection control interventions: 1990-2000

Stone, Patricia W.; Larson, Elaine; Kawar, Lina Najib

doi:10.1067/mic.2002.121099

Cited by 169 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Nosocomial infections are the most common complications affecting hospitalized patients, with 5% to 10% of patients admitted to US acute care hospitals acquiring one or more infections (5). In absolute numbers, this translates into approximately two million patients in the US developing a hospital-acquired infection every year, with an estimated 90,000 deaths and a US$4.5 to US$5.7 billion cost of care (6). These findings are supported by other studies.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

What do central venous catheter‐associated bloodstream infections have to do with bundles?

Johnston

Conly

2005

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Interest in the patient safety agenda continues to grow in North America. In the United States (US), the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) has begun a campaign to make health care safer and more effective by encouraging hospitals to implement interventions they believe can avoid 100,000 deaths between January 2005 and July 2006 (1). The IHI, a not-for-profit organization founded in 1991, promotes the improvement of health by advancing the quality and value of health care (2). Three of the six areas for action chosen by the IHI for their '100,000 Lives Campaign' relate to prevention of nosocomial infections: central line infections, surgical site infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia. In Canada, a grassroots patient safety campaign modelled after the IHI's '100,000 Lives Campaign' has formed (3). This 'Safer Healthcare Now!' campaign focuses on the same six strategies chosen for the '100,000 Lives Campaign'. Across the country, hospitals are being invited to join the 'Safer Healthcare Now!' campaign.

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supporting

confidence: 65%

What do central venous catheter‐associated bloodstream infections have to do with bundles?

Johnston

Conly

2005

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…The typical incubation period for bacterial hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is usually≥48 hours after admission. 12,13 Large open wound areas that containing necrotic tissue make burned patients more susceptible to infection. Burn patients are also need to stay in high-risk intensive care units for prolonged periods of time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Burn Injury and Factors in Relation to Infection among Pediatric Patients

Babakir‐Mina¹

2017

MOJGG

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Burn injury is one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma and a major health problem of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. The risk of infection in pediatric burns is well-known. An observational checklist was used by the researcher to assess the patients' characteristics and factors related to burn injury and infection from 1037 pediatric patients. The observational data collection showed that 56.5% of patients were males. The highest risk groups for burn injury are preschool stages. The most frequent places for burns were home 97.5%. The mechanism of burn includes scalds 72.5%, flame 22.8%, contact 2.1%, electrical 1.8%, chemical 0.8% and friction 0.2%. The prevalence of infection was 23.4%. Patients from flame burns more likely get infections 39.1% (p=0.001). Other factors associated with infection such as degree of burns, extent of body burn surface and length of hospital stay. Regarding etiology of scald burn injury, hot water is a predominant cause of burn injury 78.99%. There was a significant relation between Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) and mortality p<0.001. Patients with >40% of TBSA has a high proportion rate for death 55.7%. The majority of died patients caused by flame 65.6% and statistically highly significant P<0.001. Infection and inhalation injury are the main factors related to death 37.7% vs. 58.0%. From 748 positive samples, the most common found organism was MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 34.2%, followed by Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Acienetobacter baumannii 16.7%, 16.4% respectively. Patients with greater mean TBSA and prolonged hospital stay more likely to get Gram-negative bacterial and fungal infections and highly statistically significant p<0.001. Many other studies are need to determine the epidemiology and factors related to microbiological infection among pediatric burn patients. Keywords: pediatric, burn patient, nosocomial infection, tbsa & mrsa MOJ Gerontology & Geriatrics Research ArticleOpen Access Source of organisms are found in the patient's own endogenous, from exogenous in the environment, and from healthcare personal or parents. The most common type of Nosocomial infections in burned children's is bloodstream infections, pneumonia, UTI, skin and surgical site infections. Organisms such as gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, viral and yeast/fungal are the main causes of burn nosocomial infections. 16,17 Burn centers and burn hospitals should routinely determine and observe the specific pattern of burn microbial infection, time-related changes in the predominant microbial flora of the burn patient, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of microorganisms implicated in burn wound infections in a given time period, and trends in the nosocomial spread of these agents. Characteristics of burn injury and factors in relation to infection among pediatric patients 18,19 Methods Study design and settingThe study was conducted at Sulaimani Burn and Plastic Surgery Hospital, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The data collection w...

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“…In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a systematic audit to investigate economic evidence linking HAIs caused by resistant bacteria with increased costs. The attributable cost of HAIs, in general, was estimated to be $13,973 (42), but interpretation of the findings of the studies considered was difficult because of various methodological issues.…”

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confidence: 99%

Attributable Hospital Cost and Length of Stay Associated with Health Care-Associated Infections Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

Mauldin

Salgado

Hansen³

et al. 2010

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

300

200

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Determination of the attributable hospital cost and length of stay (LOS) are of critical importance for patients, providers, and payers who must make rational and informed decisions about patient care and the allocation of resources. The objective of the present study was to determine the additional total hospital cost and LOS attributable to health care-associated infections (HAIs) caused by antibiotic-resistant, gram-negative (GN) pathogens. A single-center, retrospective, observational comparative cohort study was performed. The study involved 662 patients admitted from 2000 to 2008 who developed HAIs caused by one of following pathogens: Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., or Pseudomonas spp. The attributable total hospital cost and LOS for HAIs caused by antibiotic-resistant GN pathogens were determined by comparison with the hospital costs and LOS for a control group with HAIs due to antibioticsusceptible GN pathogens. Statistical analyses were conducted by using univariate and multivariate analyses. Twenty-nine percent of the HAIs were caused by resistant GN pathogens, and almost 16% involved a multidrugresistant GN pathogen. The additional total hospital cost and LOS attributable to antibiotic-resistant HAIs caused by GN pathogens were 29.3% (P < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval, 16.23 to 42.35) and 23.8% (P ‫؍‬ 0.0003; 95% confidence interval, 11.01 to 36.56) higher than those attributable to HAIs caused by antibioticsusceptible GN pathogens, respectively. Significant covariates in the multivariate analysis were age >12 years, pneumonia, intensive care unit stay, and neutropenia. HAIs caused by antibiotic-resistant GN pathogens were associated with significantly higher total hospital costs and increased LOSs compared to those caused by their susceptible counterparts. This information should be used to assess the potential cost-efficacy of interventions aimed at the prevention of such infections.

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A systematic audit of economic evidence linking nosocomial infections and infection control interventions: 1990-2000

Cited by 169 publications

References 68 publications

What do central venous catheter‐associated bloodstream infections have to do with bundles?

What do central venous catheter‐associated bloodstream infections have to do with bundles?

Characteristics of Burn Injury and Factors in Relation to Infection among Pediatric Patients

Attributable Hospital Cost and Length of Stay Associated with Health Care-Associated Infections Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

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