A systematic ethnobotanical review of Adhatoda vasica (L.), Nees.

Abstract

Adhatoda vasica (L.), Nees belonging to the family Acanthaceae is a shrub with opposite ascending branches. The plant has been used in the indigenous system of medicine in India for near about 2500 years. It is a well-known plant as a drug in Ayurvedic and Unani medicines. Traditionally it was used for the treatment of various acute and chronic diseases and showed strong pharmacological activity particularly for bronchial infections, cough, bacterial infections, reproductive disorders, cardiac diseases and many more. Various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, etc. were obtained from Adhatoda vasica (A. vasica). The active constituent of the plant is vasicine, l-vasicinone, deoxyvasicine, maiontone, vasicinolone and vasicinol etc. This review consists of updated information on the phyto-constituents isolated from A. vasica and their potential role in the treatment of various ailments traditionally and medically. Based on the critical review it was concluded that there is not sufficient scientifically strong evidence to explain that A. vasica extract, could be harmful to human beings especially in pregnant women. Major data on traditional uses as well as toxicological studies, evaluated various correctness, relevance, importance, and reliability for the overall evaluation of A. vasica safety. Numerous clinical trials are conducted around the globe on the herbal formulations of vasaka. This review includes strong data about phytochemical and ethnopharmacological studies that indicate that A. vasica is a versatile native plant of the Indian subcontinent having a commercial reputation and thus can be encouraged for diversified applications like medicinal and other potential uses.

In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Methanolic Extract of Justicia adhatoda Leaves with Special Emphasis on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

“…Previously these molecules were explored for various antibacterial [ 22 ] and anti-neurodegenerative disorders [ 23 ] in in silico models. Therefore, these phytoconstituents were chosen for the molecular docking investigation [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. NF-κB is a well-known transcription factor for biological responses, immune regulation, and inflammation, but mounting evidence indicates it also participates in oncogenesis and promotes the growth and spread of breast cancer.…”

Exploring the pharmacological and chemical aspects of pyrrolo-quinazoline derivatives in Adhatoda vasica

“…Earlier reviews of Adhatoda vasica have incorporated its pharmacological activities [ [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ], phytochemistry [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ] and ethnomedicinal uses [ [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] ]. In this paper, we have discussed the bioactivities confirming the ethnopharmacological uses of Adhatoda vasica and its potential for further investigation, exploitation, and utilization.…”

In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for the Investigation of γ-Globin Gene Induction by Adhatoda vasica: A Pre-Clinical Study of HbF Inducers for β-Thalassemia

“…Adhatoda vasica ( A. vasica ) is well-known in unani and ayurveda and has been extensively used to treat upper respiratory tract ailments. Other reported pharmacological activities of A. vasica are antibacterial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimalarial, and antifungal activities ( Gangwar and Ghosh, 2014 ; Hossain and Hoq, 2016 ; Nikhitha et al, 2021 ; Shamsuddin et al, 2021 ; Shoaib, 2021 ). The primary alkaloid of A. vasica (vasicine and vasicinone) are well-known therapeutic respiratory agents.…”