“…However, there has been an increasing concern about the quality of online reviews, particularly with reliability, manipulation, spamming, and fake reviews published to influence the social reputation of goods and services (Walther et al, 2023;Antonio et al, 2018b;Banerjee and Chua, 2021;L. Chen et al, 2019;Díaz and Rodríguez, 2018; Cuadernos de Turismo, 52, (2023), 219-238 Filieri et al, 2015;Heydari et al, 2015;J.…”