A systematic literature review of fenugreek seed toxicity by using ToxRTool: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies

Kandhare, Amit D.; Thakurdesai, Prasad; Wangikar, Pralhad; Bodhankar, Subhash L.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01536

Cited by 90 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Consistent with published clinical data regarding N. sativa and fenugreek in combination or alone, the consumption of NFC had no adverse effect on hepatic, kidney, or thyroid functioning. 15,28,60,61 While in vitro and animal studies describe the potential for an interaction of N. sativa or fenugreek phytoceuticals with drugs metabolized by hepatic CYP3A4, 62,63 in our study one subject receiving metoprolol (a CYP3A4 substrate) therapy for hypertension maintained readings of 120, 80, 40, and 93 mmHg for SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP, respectively, from baseline through 12 weeks.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 71%

Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum Supplemented Chapatis Safely Improve HbA1c, Body Weight, Waist Circumference, Blood Lipids, and Fatty Liver in Overweight and Diabetic Subjects: A Twelve-Week Safety and Efficacy Study

Rao¹,

Hegde²,

Pacioretty³

et al. 2020

Journal of Medicinal Food

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In 2019, * 463 million people globally had diabetes mellitus (DM), with China (25.1%), India (16.6%), and the United States (6.69%) representing nearly 50% of that total. The primary objectives of this exploratory study were to assess the safety and potential efficacy of Nigella sativa and fenugreek seed supplemented chapatis in overweight (OW) and type 2 DM subjects. Forty subjects (15/OW; 9/DM; 16/DM/OW) consumed two chapatis twice a day 6 days/week for a daily dose of 5.45 g of an N. sativa/fenugreek combination over 12 weeks with no changes in lifestyle or medications. Anthropometric, glycemic, and vascular variables were recorded at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma lipids, and complete metabolic profile were measured at baseline and termination. Compliance, estimated during twice-daily individual delivery of precooked chapatis, was 100%, with no significant adverse effects. At termination, body weights, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, index of central obesity, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, estimated average glucose over 12 weeks, total cholesterol (TC), non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides (TG) were decreased (P < .05) over all subjects. Subjects with HbA1c ‡7.0 exhibited greater improvements in all glycemic variables than HbA1c <7.0 subjects. In addition, the decrease in HbA1c was positively correlated with decreases in (1) hepatic enzymes alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.301, P = .0067) and aspartate transaminase (r = 0.277, P = .0129), (2) systolic blood pressure (r = 0.388, P = .0004), and (3) number of diagnostic metabolic syndrome criteria exhibited per subject (r = 0.391, P = .0005), cardiovascular risk score (CRS) (r = 0.281, P = .0115), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) (r = 0.223, P = .0467). Atherogenic and diabetogenic indexes TC/HDL, low density lipoprotein/HDL, VLDL/HDL, and TG/HDL were all decreased (P < .05). Among all subjects, improvement (P < .05) was seen in CRS (-10.7%), fatty liver index (-19.8%), lipid accumulation product (-13.8%), and HSI (-7.53%). N. sativa/fenugreek supplemented chapatis present a safe and seamless dietary modification to address cardiometabolic risk.

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Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 71%

Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum Supplemented Chapatis Safely Improve HbA1c, Body Weight, Waist Circumference, Blood Lipids, and Fatty Liver in Overweight and Diabetic Subjects: A Twelve-Week Safety and Efficacy Study

Rao¹,

Hegde²,

Pacioretty³

et al. 2020

Journal of Medicinal Food

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“…(2019), part of the conflicting evidence may be related to the quality and reliability of the published toxicological studies, which have seldom been assessed. Their systematic review identified 17 toxicological studies classified as category 1 (“reliable without restrictions”), consisting of animal studies, preclinical, and clinical trials, mostly published after 2010, that consistently suggested that fenugreek seeds are safe and well tolerated (Kandhare et al., 2019). Considering the digestive, neurophysiological, and reproductive side effects reported in some studies, Ouzir et al.…”

Section: Toxicology and Safety Profile Of Fenugreekmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current perspectives on fenugreek bioactive compounds and their potential impact on human health: A review of recent insights into functional foods and other high value applications

Alu'datt,

Rababah,

Al‐ali

et al. 2024

Journal of Food Science

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Despite long‐standing uses in several food and medicine traditions, the full potential of the leguminous crop fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) remains to be realized in the modern diet. Not only its seeds, which are highly prized for their culinary and medicinal properties, but also its leaves and stems abound in phytochemicals with high nutritional and health promoting attributes. Fenugreek dual food‐medicine applications and reported metabolic activities include hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, and antinociceptive effects, with potential organ‐protective effects at the cardiovascular, digestive, hepatic, endocrine, and central nervous system levels. Effectiveness in alleviating certain inflammatory skin conditions and dysfunctions of the reproductive system was also suggested. As a food ingredient, fenugreek can enhance the sensory, nutritional, and nutraceutical qualities of a wide variety of foods. Its high nutritive density can assist with the design of dietary items that meet the demand for novelty, variety, and healthier foods. Its seeds provide essential protective nutrients and other bioactive compounds, notably galactomannans, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, and essential oils, whose health benefits, alone or in conjunction with other bioactives, are only beginning to be tapped into in the food industries. This review summarizes the current state of evidence on fenugreek potential for functional food development, focusing on the nutrients and non‐nutrient bioactive components of interest from a dietary perspective, and their applications for enhancing the functional and nutraceutical value of foods and beverages. New developments, safety, clinical evidence, presumed mechanisms of action, and future perspectives are discussed.Highlights Fenugreek seeds and leaves have long‐standing uses in the food‐medicine continuum. Fenugreek phytochemicals exert broad‐spectrum biological and pharmacological activities. They show high preventive and nutraceutical potential against common chronic diseases. Current evidence supports multiple mechanisms of action mediated by distinct bioactives. Opportunities for fenugreek‐based functional foods and nutraceuticals are expanding.

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“…Using a recent assessment tool, ToxRTool, a toxicological data reliability assessment tool, (Schneider et al., 2009), to test the reliability of toxicological data, Kandhare, Thakurdesai, Wangikar, and Bodhankar (2019) identified 17 studies indicating that fenugreek seeds have a broad margin of safety and that these studies are “reliable without restrictions”. In a review Alves‐Silva, Romane, Efferth, and Salgueiro (2017) of fenugreek trials in humans, no adverse effects were reported when fenugreek or its extract was administered orally (up to 5 g kg –1 bodyweight) up to various lengths of time (14 d–24 wk), with the exception of minor gastrointestinal disturbances in a few test subjects.…”

Section: Role Of Sainfoin and Fenugreek In Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian sainfoin and fenugreek as forage and functional foods

et al. 2020

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Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) are two legumes that are being developed as forage crops in Canada with potential benefits for animal and human health. Sainfoin, a perennial crop containing condensed tannins (CTs), is gaining popularity in western Canada because of its benefits for cattle. Its CTs make the crop bloat‐free for grazing cattle while improving protein digestibility and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The CT‐containing fenugreek is also considered as a bloat‐free annual forage legume that was developed to serve in short‐term crop rotations in western Canada. These crops are known to provide health and nutritional benefits to cattle with their high protein content and other beneficial nutraceuticals such as crude fiber, 4‐hydroxyisoleucine, steroid sapogenins, and galactomannans. Some of these nutraceuticals have the potential to benefit human health; however, such attributes have not been studied enough to harness the full potential of these legume crops in Canada. Recent research suggests that legumes are a healthy substitute for meat. However, metabolite analysis of sainfoin is mostly limited to proteins and CTs. The CTs reported in sainfoin are involved in reduction of blood pressure and detoxification and providing anticancer properties in humans. Recent studies on fenugreek have highlighted the beneficial nutraceuticals associated with human health but most of those claims are not backed by relevant clinical studies. In this article, we reviewed the nutritional quality attributes of sainfoin and fenugreek and assessed their potential as functional foods and nutraceuticals for animal and human health based on scientific evidence.

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A systematic literature review of fenugreek seed toxicity by using ToxRTool: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies

Cited by 90 publications

References 53 publications

Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum Supplemented Chapatis Safely Improve HbA1c, Body Weight, Waist Circumference, Blood Lipids, and Fatty Liver in Overweight and Diabetic Subjects: A Twelve-Week Safety and Efficacy Study

Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum Supplemented Chapatis Safely Improve HbA1c, Body Weight, Waist Circumference, Blood Lipids, and Fatty Liver in Overweight and Diabetic Subjects: A Twelve-Week Safety and Efficacy Study

Current perspectives on fenugreek bioactive compounds and their potential impact on human health: A review of recent insights into functional foods and other high value applications

Canadian sainfoin and fenugreek as forage and functional foods

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