A Systematic Literature Review of Augmented Reality for Maritime Collaboration

A Virtual Reality Experiment shows that Augmented Reality can improve Collaboration in Ship Navigation

“…The SAGAT radar plot question showed that SA is higher in the "AR system" condition than in the "conventional system" condition, which supports our preregistered hypothesis H1. This is in line with previous findings (see Rowen et al, 2021;Van den Oever et al, 2023). The higher SA may be because of information about objects, like distance and CPA, being visible by the object in AR, as well as a reduction of transitions between head-up time and head-down time.…”

“…While promising, research on AR for collaboration in ship navigations has only started and more research is needed (Merino et al, 2020;Ramirez-Peña et al, 2020). Furthermore, in a recent review (Van den Oever et al, 2023), we argued that research on AR applications in maritime work often lacks a grounding in the cognitive and social mechanisms they are intended to support. The impact of AR on factors influencing collaboration is especially underexplored .…”

“…VR remains a useful tool for studying AR because it is easy to integrate AR into the simulation, manipulate tasks (Gernez et al, 2020), and simulate features that do not exist yet. This makes it easier to study cognitive and collaborative aspects of AR for maritime operations, which have been underexplored (Van den Oever et al, 2023). Even so, to develop AR to higher TRLs, AR prototypes should also be tested in real operations.…”

“…Such research could be extended to other safety-critical operations like surgery and machine operations. More maritime operations for which AR could be studied and designed can be found in Van den Oever et al (2023). We also call for scrutinizing the disadvantages of AR for safety-critical operations, such as overreliance (Kristić et al, 2021), information overload, visual clutter, and attention capture.…”

“…Collaboration plays a role in a wide spectrum of maritime operations, such as ship navigation, offshore platform operations, offshore windmill maintenance, and ship construction (Van den Oever et al, 2023). In this study, we use ship navigation as a representation of a safety-critical operation.…”