Continuous software engineering is a rapidly growing discipline in software engineering. Among its many reported benets is increased development velocity, faster feedback for developers, and better software quality. It also comes with its own share of challenges, most of which are centered on making automated builds more ecient or detecting problems with build conguration. However, the majority of literature in this area does not take into account software developers, which are arguably the cornerstone of software development.Software development is still a human-driven endeavour. It is a developer who writes the code, tests it, makes the nal decision while factoring in the build results, and so on. Furthermore, software development does not happen in a vacuum. Development takes place within the context of practices dictating how it should be done, and perceived benets that drive practice adoption and implementation. Software development, and by extension continuous software development, is a socio-technical endeavour that features interactions between human aspects (developers, testers, etc.), technical aspects (automation), and environmental aspects (process, projectspecic characteristics, infrastructure, etc.). While the software engineering eld has its share of theories, frameworks, and models, or borrows them from other elds, we still do not have a human-centric framework for software engineering that takes into account other socio-technical aspects (technical and environmental).My dissertation addresses this need for a socio-technical framework by illustrating a series of studies that ultimately resulted in the creation of a socio-technical theory of continuous software engineering that focuses on phenomena involving both humans and automation. In particular, I focus on the role of continuous software engineering tools (automation) in the software development process and how they displace existing tools, disrupt existing workows, and feature in software developer decision making. This theory will enable further research in this area as well as allow researchers to make more grounded recommendations for industrial applications.