A Systematic Literature Review on the Titanium Metal Product Value Chain

Roux, Rina Nicolene; Lingen, Elma van der; Botha, Adéle

doi:10.7166/30-3-2233

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It would also mean working against the global trend of supply chain ‘unbundling’, where each activity is geographically outsourced to the most efficient producer (Baldwin, 2013). This is particularly relevant, given that the “fragmented” nature of value chains is also generally the case for the global titanium value chain (Roux et al, 2019). Furthermore, it appears that South Africa has, perhaps unintentionally, achieved significant gains downstream in the titanium industry without being able to attain the intermediate stages of the value chain.…”

Section: South Africa's Industry Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

South Africa's titanium industrial policy: A product space perspective

Bruyne

Bam

Engelbrecht

2022

South African J Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

South Africa is a globally significant player in the titanium raw mineral production industry but does not play a large role in its downstream mineral processing. Since downstream activities generate much higher value added, the government has sought to support the end‐to‐end titanium value chain to capture more value from raw titanium before export through ‘beneficiation’‐related policies. This paper applies the input–output product space methodology to generate an overview of those sub‐sectors within the titanium value chain that are likely to support long‐term economic growth in South Africa. We then evaluate whether the selected global value chain activities are supported by the current industrial policy and/or whether a focus on currently excluded global value chain activities is recommended. Our results confirm that although beneficiation appears to make sense in the titanium industry in South Africa, it should (from a product space perspective) be applied neither automatically nor sequentially moving down the value chain. The paper concludes with the shortcomings of the approach and various avenues for future research.

show abstract

Section: South Africa's Industry Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

South Africa's titanium industrial policy: A product space perspective

Bruyne

Bam

Engelbrecht

2022

South African J Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…South Africa does not have a complete titanium metal value chain and the country is involved in only four of the value chain stages on a commercial level. Two of these stages fall within the upstream, and two within the downstream, of the value chain (Roux et al, 2019). The fragmented South African titanium metal value chain is presented in Figure 2.…”

Section: Fragmentation Of the South African Titanium Metal Value Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the production stages can be divided into three main sections, namely raw material, the processes and technologies, and finally finished products for the market (Du Preez, Damm, and Jordaan, 2013). The three sections can be further subdivided into the eight production stages (Roux, Van der Lingen, and Botha, 2019). Each stage is dependent on its specific precursor and in turn is needed to produce the input for the next stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fragmented nature of the titanium metal value chain

Roux

Lingen

Botha

et al. 2020

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SYNOPSIS This study investigates the fragmented nature of the global and local titanium metal value chains. South Africa has the fourth most abundant titanium reserves in the world. However, South Africa mainly exports titanium ore and imports value-added titanium products, which impacts the potential to derive more economic benefit from this resource. For South Africa to benefit from its titanium reserves, an understanding of the current fragmented nature of the global titanium value chain would assist in entering the global titanium industry. Information on the global and South African titanium value chains was collected by means of a desktop study. It was found that the leading countries operating within both the upstream and the downstream titanium industry are the USA, China, Japan, Russia, and Kazakhstan. The key drivers that caused fragmentation were identified as technology, markets, production costs, and the availability of titanium mineral reserves. An important outcome of this study is the identification of the local need for a technological foundation in support of downstream titanium processing to market-competitive titanium mill and powder products. Keywords: fragmentation, titanium, titanium value chain.

show abstract

“…The formation of the product Ti sponge should take place in stages through more than two-phase reactions [10,15]. Usually, almost general titanium metallurgy books and literature [16,17] considered mostly that the re ned TiCl 4 is reduced by pre-added liquid Mg at around 1073.0 ~ 1123.0 K in the semi-batch reactor, which could be present as [5] TiCl 4 (g,l) + 2Mg(l) = Ti(s) + 2MgCl 2 (l) (1). This mechanism involved in those general Ti sponge metallurgy books and literature differs from some basics and makes it di cult to be understood for researchers and engineers [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Behaviors and Isothermal Kinetics of Magnesiothermic Reduction of Titanium Tetrachloride in a Semi-batch Reactor

Wang,

2024

Metall Mater Trans B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is still no consensus on the pressure behaviors, thermal hazard, reaction pathways, and kinetic characteristics of magnesiothermic reduction of TiCl 4 , and theoretical innovations are required for further research of titanium sponge metallurgy. We determined e cient reaction pathways via chemical reaction stoichiometry methodology and proposed an innovative isothermal kinetic modeling approach for the magnesiothermic reduction of TiCl 4 . The net chemical reaction rate of the titanium sponge decreased with decreasing feeding rate of TiCl 4 and with increasing gauge pressure, to relieve its rapid pressurization and thermal runaway. The reaction order and activation energy were α = 1.30 and E a =60.85 ± 4.58 kJ•mol -1 at temperature range of 1053.0 K to 1073.0 K, respectively. And reaction order and activation energy were α = 1.50 and E a =56.46 ± 1.31 kJ•mol -1 at temperature range of 1073.0 K to 1123.0 K, respectively. The self-heating of magnesiothermic reduction of TiCl 4 causes its selfacceleration. And the autocatalytic effect of the sponge structure of the new-formed may play an irreplaceable role.

show abstract

A Systematic Literature Review on the Titanium Metal Product Value Chain

Cited by 8 publications

References 73 publications

South Africa's titanium industrial policy: A product space perspective

South Africa's titanium industrial policy: A product space perspective

The fragmented nature of the titanium metal value chain

Pressure Behaviors and Isothermal Kinetics of Magnesiothermic Reduction of Titanium Tetrachloride in a Semi-batch Reactor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About