A systematic literature review on the effects of mycotoxin exposure on insects and on mycotoxin accumulation and biotransformation

Niermans, K.; Meyer, Armando; Hil, E.F. Hoek–van den; Loon, Joop J. A. van; Fels‐Klerx, H.J. van der

doi:10.1007/s12550-021-00441-z

Cited by 23 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The first studies on the transmission of pathogens to larvae of edible insects from the substrate have recently been published [ 22 , 51 , 52 ] and additional studies are currently ongoing. The capacity of insects to metabolize mycotoxin is also being studied in greater depth [ 53 ], covering several mycotoxins in BSF and MW. Black soldier fly larvae and MW ( Tenebrio molitor ) have been demonstrated to not store mycotoxins and to transfer them into their respective metabolites to some extent.…”

Section: Project Contribution Beyond the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Technical and Market Barriers to Enable Sustainable Large-Scale Production and Consumption of Insect Proteins in Europe: A SUSINCHAIN Perspective

Veldkamp

Meijer

Alleweldt

et al. 2022

Insects

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The expected global population growth to 9.7 billion people in 2050 and the significant change in global dietary patterns require an increase in global food production by about 60%. The protein supply for feed and food is most critical and requires an extension in protein sources. Edible insects can upgrade low-grade side streams of food production into high-quality protein, amino acids and vitamins in a very efficient way. Insects are considered to be the “missing link” in the food chain of a circular and sustainable economy. Insects and insect-derived products have entered the European market since first being acknowledged as a valuable protein source for feed and food production in around 2010. However, today, scaling up the insect value chain in Europe is progressing at a relatively slow pace. The mission of SUSINCHAIN (SUStainable INsect CHAIN)—a four-year project which has received funding from the European Commission—is to contribute to novel protein provision for feed and food in Europe by overcoming the remaining barriers for increasing the economic viability of the insect value chain and opening markets by combining forces in a comprehensive multi-actor consortium. The overall project objective is to test, pilot and demonstrate recently developed technologies, products and processes, to realize a shift up to Technology Readiness Level 6 or higher. In addition to these crucial activities, the project engages with stakeholders in the insect protein supply chain for feed and food by living labs and workshops. These actions provide the necessary knowledge and data for actors in the insect value chain to decrease the cost price of insect products, process insects more efficiently and market insect protein applications in animal feed and regular human diets that are safe and sustainable. This paves the way for further upscaling and commercialization of the European insect sector.

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Section: Project Contribution Beyond the State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Technical and Market Barriers to Enable Sustainable Large-Scale Production and Consumption of Insect Proteins in Europe: A SUSINCHAIN Perspective

Veldkamp

Meijer

Alleweldt

et al. 2022

Insects

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“…If not hygienically handled, processed, stored or packaged, edible insects become vulnerable to moulds, especially Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, which produce mycotoxins that have a negative effect on human and animal health [36,37]. Wastes or side streams such as agricultural materials, mainly grains and nuts used to feed the insects, may contain mycotoxigenic moulds or mycotoxins.…”

Section: Pathogenic Risks In Edible Insect Farming Systems and Biolog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wastes or side streams such as agricultural materials, mainly grains and nuts used to feed the insects, may contain mycotoxigenic moulds or mycotoxins. These moulds and mycotoxins can reduce the survival of insects and accumulate in the final products [36]. Mycotoxins that can be traced in edible insects and their by-products include aflatoxin, zearalenone, ochratoxin, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol [36,38,39].…”

Section: Pathogenic Risks In Edible Insect Farming Systems and Biolog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These moulds and mycotoxins can reduce the survival of insects and accumulate in the final products [36]. Mycotoxins that can be traced in edible insects and their by-products include aflatoxin, zearalenone, ochratoxin, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol [36,38,39]. However, although these mycotoxins may be present in edible insects, they should not exceed the permissible level provided by the European Union (EU) [40].…”

Section: Pathogenic Risks In Edible Insect Farming Systems and Biolog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety, regulatory and environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa

NIASSY¹,

OMUSE²,

ROOS³

et al. 2022

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Insect breeding or farming for food and feed is an emerging enterprise that can address the ever-growing demand for protein and curb high unemployment rates in Africa and beyond. However, for the sector to prosper, its value chain needs to be regulated to ensure sustainability and safety for consumers and the environment. Although a few African countries, such as Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda, have promulgated standards on the use of insects as food and feed, greater efforts are needed in other countries, and relevant policies governing the sector need to be formulated.All over the globe, attention to the regulation of the edible insect sector is increasing, and more investment in the industry is foreseen. Safety issues such as identifying which species should be reared, substrate quality and traceability imposed by importing countries will be critical for expansion of the sector. This paper analyses safety, regulatory and environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa and provides case studies and recommendations for sustainable use of insects for food and feed.

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“…Such a simplification does not apply to crop harvests, in which quality grading exists, and/or when a given harvest has to meet certain minimum specifications to be sold on niche-or restrictive-export markets. Finally, such a linear association between profit potential and crop damage does not take into account the possibility of damage by one insect pest potentially increasing the risks of secondary pest issues, such as higher risks of mycotoxins in moth-infested grain or nuts [30]. Thus, the basic economics portion of the interactive teaching tool does not include many of the important reasons why more advanced agricultural economic models are needed for reliable predictions of specific pest-crop systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interactive Teaching Tool Describing Resistance Evolution and Basic Economics of Insecticide-Based Pest Management

Nansen

2022

Insects

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Effective teaching of complex concepts relies heavily on the ability to establish relevance of topics and to engage students in a constructive dialogue. To connect students with abstract concepts and basic theory, instructors foster and facilitate an engaging teaching environment. Population modeling is a cornerstone in applied entomology. However, it is also a topic and skill set that requires both basic mathematical and biological knowledge, and it may be perceived by students as being abstract and exceedingly theoretical. As a way to introduce entomology students at both that undergraduate and graduate levels to hands-on experience with population modeling, a well-established and widely used deterministic genetic population model is presented as an interactive teaching tool. Moreover, the general model describes three genotypes (SS = homozygous susceptible, SR = heterozygous, and RR = homozygous resistant) during 30 discrete and univoltine generations under a shared population density dependence (carrying capacity). Based on user inputs for each genotype (survival, fitness cost, reproductive rate, emigration, and immigration) and an initial resistance allele frequency, model outputs related to resistance evolution are produced. User inputs related to insecticide-based pest management (pest density action threshold, crop damage rate, insecticide treatment costs, and profit potential) can also be introduced to examine and interpret the basic economic effects of different insect pest management scenarios. The proposed model of resistance evolution and basic economics of pest management relies on a large number of important simplifications, so it may only have limited ability to predict the outcomes of real-world (commercial) scenarios. However, as a teaching tool and to introduce students to a well-known and widely used genetic population model structure, the interactive teaching tool is believed to have considerable utility and relevance.

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A systematic literature review on the effects of mycotoxin exposure on insects and on mycotoxin accumulation and biotransformation

Cited by 23 publications

References 72 publications

Overcoming Technical and Market Barriers to Enable Sustainable Large-Scale Production and Consumption of Insect Proteins in Europe: A SUSINCHAIN Perspective

Overcoming Technical and Market Barriers to Enable Sustainable Large-Scale Production and Consumption of Insect Proteins in Europe: A SUSINCHAIN Perspective

Safety, regulatory and environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa

An Interactive Teaching Tool Describing Resistance Evolution and Basic Economics of Insecticide-Based Pest Management

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