A systematic map on verification and validation of emergent behavior in software engineering research

A Metadata-Driven Approach for Testing Self-Organizing Multiagent Systems

“…Nonetheless, there is a gap in the literature regarding the inspection of systems with these features. For example, there are few approaches to test the local interactions between agents in a self-organizing or self-adaptive MAS system and the global behavior that emerges from these interactions [4] [5]. One reason is the difficulty of specifying expected results for non-deterministic applications, especially in actual environments.…”