Context: For successful initiation of software process improvement (SPI) initiatives in software SMEs, it is vital for the practitioners to have deep understanding of various SPI inhibitors.Objective: The paper has the following objectives: investigate factors which impact SPI implementation initiatives in software SMEs, synthesize available evidence, identify gaps between existing approaches available in the literature, and to develop the taxonomy of the factors.Methods: Database search and snowballing procedure are adapted to perform the systematic mapping and review, which includes 105 primary studies published between 2002 and 2018. Also, we reviewed the empirical studies for their rigor and relevance.Results: A total of 16 inhibitors have been identified and are grouped into PMBOK knowledge areas framework. From the rigor and relevance scores, it is observed that despite the research has been conducted in an industrial context, it lacks rigor (mean = 1.79) and thus hinders the possibility of generalizing the results. This calls for more studies with thorough empirical analysis and validation using adequate statistical tests.
Conclusions:The results can help the practitioners to understand the dynamics of factors, which undermine SPI implementation in software SMEs and also to assist them in the development of effective control and mitigation strategies. KEYWORDS Global Software Development, software process improvement, SPI factors, systematic literature review, systematic mapping 1 | INTRODUCTION Increasingly, many software organizations have taken up global sourcing of software activities, primarily because of the considerable benefits.However, there are various challenges linked with global sourcing, predominantly with respect to software process improvement (SPI). 1-3 In the previous two decades, significant research work has been undertaken by the researchers on the development of standards and model frameworks to boost up SPI process in software SMEs. In spite of the presence of models such as Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), MoProSoft, ISO/IEC 15504, and ISO/IEC 12207, the success rate of SPI implementation in SMEs is quite low. 3,4 Ngwenyama and Nielsen 4 described that about 70% of the organizations fail in the successful implementation of process improvement initiatives, and the major cause of this failure is the inadequate emphasis paid towards the process improvement. SPI literature encompasses numerous case studies on SPI programs, which have been realized by software companies, among other things, to improve quality and pace of their software projects. 5,6 Generally, SPI is deemed extremely significant for companies of all sorts and sizes. 7 But, it is also a risky attempt, which involves both cost and effort, as evident from literature studies being undertaken by researchers in software enterprises. [5][6][7][8][9][10] For successful initiation of SPI program software, SMEs transform their processes to meet the requirements of process reference models they wish to employ. [10][11]...