A systematic review and meta-analysis of the serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection highlight the lack of a One Health integrative research

Huertas-López, Ana; Álvarez‐García, Gema; Sánchez-Sánchez, Roberto; Escribano, Damián; Ibáñez-López, Francisco Javier; Martı́nez-Subiela, Silvia; Cerón, José J.; Martínez‐Carrasco, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.01.005

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“… Parasite species infecting dogs (D) and/or cats (C) Degree of pathogenicity in D/C δ Zoonotic relevance for humans γ VBD α ? Usual mode of transmission Geographical distribution Reference Protozoa Leishmania infantum (D, C) High High (a) (NTD β , in WHO roadmap) Yes Bite of infected phlebotomine sand flies, bites, wounds, blood transfusions, venereal or prenatal transmission Mediterranean, Middle East, Central Asia, Latin America [ 12 ] Trypanosoma cruzi (D, C) High High (a) (NTD, in WHO roadmap) Yes Contact via small skin lesions or mucous membranes, ingestion and crushing infected bug vectors or eating an infected host South America [ 79 ] Giardia duodenalis (D, C) Moderate Low No Ingestion of the cysts in undercooked, contaminated meat, accidental ingestion of oocysts in cat faeces, congenital, rarely via organ donation or blood transfusion Worldwide [ 80 ] Toxoplasma gondii (C) Moderate Moderate No Direct contact with meat and viscera of infected animals; through food with parasitised meat and viscera or food contaminated with oocysts Worldwide [ 14 ] Cystoisospora felis, C. rivolta (C) C. canis, C. ohioensis, C. burrowsi (D) Low No No Direct ingestion of sporulated oocysts or ingestion of paratenic hosts or undercooked meat Worldwide [ 81 ] Neospora caninum (D) Low (b) No No Prenatal infection of puppies, ingestion of tissues cysts Worldwide [ 82 ] Helminths …”

Section: Relevance For Pet Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are different ways in which CAPs impact on human health, depending if the main reservoir for human infections is (i) the CA population (e.g., Leishmania infantum or fleas) [ 12 , 13 ]; ( ii) the environment which was contaminated by CAs (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii or Toxocara spp.) [ 14 , 15 ]; (iii) wildlife (such as in the case of Echinococcus multilocularis or Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) [ 16 , 17 ]); or (iv) when there is lack of a clear parasite reservoir with pathogens that thrive equally in animals and in human hosts, with life cycles that can be maintained by transmission between humans only, such as for Ancylostoma ceylanicum [ 18 ] . The impact can also largely differ depending on whether animal or human health is considered first and foremost.…”

Section: Relevance For Pet Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Control of companion animal parasites and impact on One Health

Giannelli,

Schnyder,

Wright

et al. 2024

One Health

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Section: Relevance For Pet Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relevance For Pet Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of companion animal parasites and impact on One Health

Giannelli,

Schnyder,

Wright

et al. 2024

One Health

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“…Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide significant food-borne zoonotic disease. It is a major public health problem producing a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans, particularly pregnant women and immunosuppressed individuals, land and sea mammals, and various bird species [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Significance of Human Toxoplasmosis

Alewy Almashhadany,

Aziz Jamil Alani,

Ahmed Dhiab

et al. 2024

Infectious Diseases

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Toxoplasmosis is a significant food-borne zoonotic disease that causes a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans, including pregnant women, immunosuppressed individuals, land and sea mammals, and various bird species. Felidae is the only definitive host that excretes a million oocysts of T. gondii in their feces, polluting the environment. T. gondii has a complex life cycle, with sexual reproduction occurring in cats, where oocysts are formed and excreted with feces. The meiosis of oocysts in the environment leads to the formation of sporozoites that are infectious to intermediate hosts, such as rodents and livestock animals. In these intermediate hosts, rapidly replicating tachyzoites are disseminated throughout the body, forming tissue cysts containing bradyzoites. Infected individuals become infected by ingesting oocysts from contaminated soil, water, or food. The transmission of toxoplasmosis is recognized as zoonotic transmission, with the primary route being through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, particularly undercooked or raw meat, and unwashed fruits and vegetables that have come into contact with the parasite’s oocysts. The signs and symptoms of toxoplasmosis can vary widely, with most healthy individuals having a normal immune system and mild symptoms resolving on their own.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, which is an intracellular infection prevalent in about one-third of the human population [8]. The susceptibility to toxoplasmosis is especially high in immunocompromised patients [8][9][10]. Being a risk factor, toxoplasmosis is identified as an increased positivity rate of anti-T. gondii IgG, which is found to be highly associated with RA in patients, with the possibility of exacerbating the latter condition [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Toxoplasmosis

Abdullah,

Eassa,

Mohammad

2023

Cureus

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Background and objectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing synovium inflammation and functional impairment. Toxoplasmosis is an intracellular zoonotic parasitic infection and a risk factor in immunosuppressed diseases including RA. The involvement of the cholinergic mechanism is not clear when both diseases exist in combination. This study aimed to examine plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity in patients suffering from RA with concomitant toxoplasmosis, taking into account the enzyme susceptibility to in vitro inhibitory challenge with the organophosphate dichlorvos in RA patients. MethodsThis was a case-control study involving 88 RA patients and 61 healthy controls of both genders. The RA patients were allocated into three groups. The first group received no therapy (n=14), the second group received conventional anti-arthritis therapy (n=49), and the third group received conventional + biologic therapy (n=25). Plasma ChE activity was determined by an electrometric method. Plasma samples were screened for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection, using ELISA T. gondii antibodies IgG and IgM. In vitro inhibition of plasma ChE activity was assessed by incubating the samples with dichlorvos at 0.25 and 0.5 μM. The time-dependent dichlorvos (0.25 μM)-induced plasma ChE inhibition and its kinetics were determined. ResultsThe RA patients comprised 76 (86.4%) females and 12 males (13.6%), whereas healthy controls included 22 (36.1%) females and 39 (63.9%) males. The rates of toxoplasmosis IgG positivity in controls and RA patients were 26.2% and 39.8%, respectively. Plasma ChE activity in patients with RA was significantly higher than that in the control group, by 16%. Plasma ChE values of RA patients with conventional therapy and conventional + biologic therapy were higher than that of the control group, by 18% and 27%, respectively. Odds and risk ratios of elevated plasma ChE activity (20%) in RA patients with therapy indicated that high plasma ChE activity among RA patients with therapy is a risk factor. The plasma ChE activity of T. gondii IgG-positive RA patients was not significantly different from that of the IgG-negative ones. Dichlorvos at 0.25 and 0.5 μM significantly inhibited in vitro plasma ChE activity in controls and RA patients. The rates of plasma ChE inhibition by dichlorvos were lower in the RA groups with conventional therapy in comparison with those in the control group (77% vs. 91%). Examining the dichlorvos time-dependent ChE inhibition kinetics, RA groups showed increases in the half-life of inhibition by 23.6% to 32.7% and the total inhibition time by 23.5% to 32.5%, together with decreases in the inhibition rate constant by 19% to 24.5%, an indication of reduced inhibition rate of plasma ChE activity compared to that of the control group. ConclusionsThe autoimmune nature of RA and its chronicity might have contributed to the increase in plasma ChE activity among the patients. This increase in enzyme activity could be a risk factor in RA patients undergoing conventi...

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection highlight the lack of a One Health integrative research

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Control of companion animal parasites and impact on One Health

Control of companion animal parasites and impact on One Health

Public Health Significance of Human Toxoplasmosis

Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Toxoplasmosis

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