A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature on prevalence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) and virulence genes in feces, hides, and carcasses of pre- and peri-harvest cattle worldwide

Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to summarize peer-reviewed literature on the prevalence and concentration of non-O157 STEC (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) serogroups and virulence genes (stx and eae) in fecal, hide, and carcass samples in pre- and peri-harvest cattle worldwide, using a systematic review of the literature and meta-analyses. Data synthesis Seventy articles were eligible for meta-analysis inclusion; data from 65 articles were subjected to random-effects meta-analysis models to yield fecal prevalence estimates. Meta-regression models were built to explore variables contributing to the between-study heterogeneity. Results Worldwide pooled non-O157 serogroup, STEC, and EHEC fecal prevalence estimates (95% confidence interval) were 4.7% (3.4–6.3%), 0.7% (0.5–0.8%), and 1.0% (0.8–1.1%), respectively. Fecal prevalence estimates significantly differed by geographic region (P < 0.01) for each outcome classification. Meta-regression analyses identified region, cattle type, and specimen type as factors that contribute to heterogeneity for worldwide fecal prevalence estimates. Conclusions The prevalence of these global foodborne pathogens in the cattle reservoir is widespread and highly variable by region. The scarcity of prevalence and concentration data for hide and carcass matrices identifies a large data gap in the literature as these are the closest proxies for potential beef contamination at harvest.

Dual-Gene Isothermal Amplification Coupled with Lateral Flow Strip for On-Site Accurate Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in Food Samples

“…Currently, the proposed method only aimed at selective E. coli O157:H7 detection but could be extended to other toxic E. coli serotypes upon programming the corresponding RPA primers and PNA. 42 Moreover, simultaneous detection of multiple bacteria could be achieved using LFA strips with more than two test lines.…”

“…Using DNA releaser for fast genomic DNA extraction (assay time: ∼1 h), the proposed protocol could be used for field food monitoring (concentration ≥10 4 cfu/g). , To meet the requirements of ultrasensitive food sample analysis in centralized laboratories, bacterial preculture could be explored and the lowest detection concentration could be pushed down to 0.24 cfu/mL (5 h bacterial preculture). Currently, the proposed method only aimed at selective E. coli O157:H7 detection but could be extended to other toxic E. coli serotypes upon programming the corresponding RPA primers and PNA . Moreover, simultaneous detection of multiple bacteria could be achieved using LFA strips with more than two test lines.…”

Exploring Long-Read Metagenomics for Full Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Presence of Commensal E. coli

“…Under certain conditions, isolation-independent approaches are promising and could be applied in the case of ambiguous results that render decision making difficult, particularly when the STEC strain cannot be isolated. Many studies on STEC prevalence in cattle have been conducted but none on STEC prevalence compared to background E. coli [ 40 , 41 ]. Such studies would give insights into the application of long-read metagenomic approaches to characterize STEC among other E. coli.…”