A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cognitive Training in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder

Woolf, Claudia; Lampit, Amit; Shahnawaz, Zeeshan; Sabatés, Julieta; Norrie, Louisa; Burke, David T.; Naismith, Sharon L.; Mowszowski, Loren

doi:10.1007/s11065-021-09487-3

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Here, our research group found that improvements following GMT in EF and quality of life at 6-months follow-up, were no longer present at 5-years follow-up (15)(16)(17). In a similar vein, the lack of long-term follow-up studies is a limitation in the current literature on CR in MDD and likely represents an obstacle for clinical implementation (7,9). Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of CR, and concurrently compare a strategy-based approach to a drill-and-practice approach, in this context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…There is a need for highquality reports on long-term effects beyond 6-months, as CR interventions in MDD is yet to provide convincing evidence of durable effects (7). A first step toward this goal is to plan and conduct large-scale studies with adequate statistical power (9,22). Indeed, the sample sizes in previous research, particularly for interventions requiring considerable therapist involvement, have limited the prospects of conducting long-term followups (7,8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In short, drill-and-practice approaches involve exercises to improve cognitive functions, while strategy-based CR aim to promote the application of compensatory strategies in daily life (7). Overall, CR have yielded promising shortterm results in MDD (8,9). A recent meta-analysis including both drill-and-practice-and strategy-based approaches found a moderate effect of CR on cognitive functioning, including EFs, and small effects on depressive symptoms and daily functioning, when compared to non-CR control conditions (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goal Management Training and Computerized Cognitive Training in Depression—a 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Hagen

Stubberud

2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Objective: Information on the long-term effects of cognitive remediation (CR) in major depressive disorder (MDD) is lacking. The present study reports 2-year follow-up data from a previously published randomized controlled trial (RCT) from our research group, comparing Goal Management Training (GMT), a strategy-based CR intervention, to drill-and-practice computerized cognitive training (CCT). In previous work, we found comparable improvements in executive function (EF), in addition to reductions in depressive symptoms, following both GMT and CCT at 6-month follow-up.Methods: Forty-two participants of the RCT, all diagnosed with MDD, were invited to complete rating-scales pertaining daily-life EF, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Explorative analyses compared the 2-year follow-up with previously published baseline and 6-month follow-up data, using non-parametric statistics. Similarly, GMT and CCT were compared at the 2-year follow-up, and completers were compared with non-completers.Results: Twenty participants completed the study. Overall, completers (n = 20) and non-completers (n = 22) were similar. There were no significant differences between GMT (n = 11) and CCT (n = 9) for any outcome 2 years post-treatment. Reduction compared to baseline in depressive symptoms and rumination, but not in daily-life EFs, emerged for GMT only.Conclusions: Findings suggest long-term improvements in mental health following GMT, while improvements in everyday EFs might require additional treatment or maintenance to sustain. Caution is warranted in the interpretation due to the small sample size and high attrition rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goal Management Training and Computerized Cognitive Training in Depression—a 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Hagen

Stubberud

2021

Front. Psychiatry

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“…[47][48][49] Cognitive functioning of patients with (remitted) MDD can be improved by NCRT. [52][53][54][55][56] Therefore, this study will examine the effectiveness of a multimodal approach, that is, adding oNCRT to PCT in a pragmatic RCT. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to assess if augmenting oNCRT to PCT further reduces depressive symptoms in partially remitted depressed patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent meta-analyses demonstrated that NCRT enhances attention, processing speed, executive functioning, working memory and verbal memory in (remitted) depressed patients. [52][53][54][55][56] For patients in partial remission specifically, NCRT improved attention. 57 NCRT also decreased depressive symptomatology in patients with (remitted) MDD, 52 54-56 although the robustness of the effect on depressive symptomatology is questionable as the beneficial effect disappeared when only high-quality studies were included.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmenting neurocognitive remediation therapy to Preventive Cognitive Therapy for partially remitted depressed patients: protocol of a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial

et al. 2022

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IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) affects 163 million people globally every year. Individuals who experience subsyndromal depressive symptoms during remission (ie, partial remission of MDD) are especially at risk for a return to a depressive episode within an average of 4 months. Simultaneously, partial remission of MDD is associated with work and (psycho)social impairment and a lower quality of life. Brief psychological interventions such as preventive cognitive therapy (PCT) can reduce depressive symptoms or relapse for patients in partial remission, although achieving full remission with treatment is still a clinical challenge. Treatment might be more effective if cognitive functioning of patients is targeted as well since cognitive problems are the most persisting symptom in partial remission and predict poor treatment response and worse functioning. Studies show that cognitive functioning of patients with (remitted) MDD can be improved by online neurocognitive remediation therapy (oNCRT). Augmenting oNCRT to PCT might improve treatment effects for these patients by strengthening their cognitive functioning alongside a psychological intervention.Methods and analysisThis study will examine the effectiveness of augmenting oNCRT to PCT in a pragmatic national multicentre superiority randomised controlled trial. We will include 115 adults partially remitted from MDD with subsyndromal depressive symptoms defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score between 8 and 15. Participants will be randomly allocated to PCT with oNCRT, or PCT only. Primary outcome measure is the effect on depressive symptomatology over 1 year. Secondary outcomes include time to relapse, cognitive functioning, quality of life and healthcare costs. This first dual approach study of augmenting oNCRT to PCT might facilitate full remission in partially remitted individuals as well as prevent relapse over time.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained by Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam. Outcomes will be made publicly available.Trial registration numberNL9582.

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Associations between disordered eating, internalizing symptoms, and behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition in preadolescence

Thomas,

Jones,

Williams

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychobiology

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Response inhibition difficulties are reported in individuals with eating disorders (EDs), anxiety, and depression. Although ED symptoms and internalizing symptoms co‐occur in preadolescence, there is limited research examining associations between these symptoms and response inhibition in this age group. This study is the first to investigate the associations between behavioral and neural markers of response inhibition, disordered eating (DE), and internalizing symptoms in a community sample of preadolescents. Forty‐eight children (M age = 10.95 years, 56.3% male) completed a Go/NoGo task, whereas electroencephalography was recorded. Self‐report measures of DE and internalizing symptoms were collected. Higher levels of anxiety and depression were associated with neural markers of suboptimal response inhibition (attenuated P3NoGo amplitudes) in preadolescence. In contrast, higher levels of depression were associated with greater response inhibition at a behavioral level. These findings suggest internalizing symptoms in preadolescence are associated with P3‐indexed difficulties in evaluation and monitoring, but these are not sufficient to disrupt behavioral performance on a response inhibition task. This pattern may reflect engagement of compensatory processes to support task performance. DE was not significantly associated with response inhibition, suggesting that difficulties in response inhibition may only be reliably observed in more chronic and severe DE and ED presentations.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cognitive Training in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder

Cited by 37 publications

References 63 publications

Goal Management Training and Computerized Cognitive Training in Depression—a 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Goal Management Training and Computerized Cognitive Training in Depression—a 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Augmenting neurocognitive remediation therapy to Preventive Cognitive Therapy for partially remitted depressed patients: protocol of a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial

Associations between disordered eating, internalizing symptoms, and behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition in preadolescence

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